a new patent found by Rob Woudenberg on http://www.fusioncatalyst.org
note that the owner seems to be a company from Vancouver BC
NICKEL ALLOYS FOR HYDROGEN STORAGE AND THE GENERATION OF ENERGY THEREFROM
Abstract
Enforcement region WO patent Published 2012-12-06 Inventor NEE, Han, H. Assignee TARGET TECHNOLOGY INTERNATIONAL, LTD Patent number WO2012166808A2
An apparatus for the generation of thermal energy comprises a reactor vessel containing a volume of pressurized hydrogen; a hydrogen-storing nickel alloy structure in the reactor vessel and configured to have an electric potential applied across it and to be heated to at least about 100 C; and a heat exchange conduit configured to carry a heat exchange medium past the nickel alloy structure so as to allow thermal energy generated in the nickel alloy structure to be transferred to the heat exchange medium. The hydrogen-storing nickel alloy structure comprises a nickel alloy skeletal catalyst mixed with an oxide. The applied electric potential, and the increase in the gas pressure and temperature of the hydrogen from the applied heat, create a reaction between hydrogen nuclei and nickel nuclei in the nickel alloy structure whereby thermal energy is generated by the emission of phonons from the nickel alloy structure.
and the inventor is american and is the boss.
Han Nee
President
Target Technology CO
Irvine, CA
We have Han Nee listed as the President of Target Technology CO, which is listed under Magnetic/Optical Recording Media Manufacturers in Irvine, CA.
About Han Nee
So far, Manta has 2 contacts for Target Technology CO in Irvine, CA. Do you work with Han Nee?
Estimates show Target Technology CO employs 10 to 19 people and has an annual revenue of $10 to 20 million.
Visit the company profile for Target Technology CO to see more contact information about the company or purchase D&B background and financial reports.
Pub. No.: WO/2012/166808 International Application No.: PCT/US2012/040017 Publication Date: 06.12.2012 International Filing Date: 30.05.2012 IPC:
C22C 19/03 (2006.01), C22C 1/04 (2006.01), C22C 19/05 (2006.01) Applicants: TARGET TECHNOLOGY INTERNATIONAL, LTD. [GB/GB]; P.O. Box 3321 Sealight House Road Town, Tortola (VG) (For All Designated States Except US).
NEE, Han, H. [US/US]; (US)Inventors: NEE, Han, H.; (US) Agent: KLEIN, Howard, J.; Klein, O'neill & Singh, LLP 18200 Von Karman Avenue Suite 725 Irvine, CA 92612 (US) Priority Data:
61/519,889 01.06.2011 US Title (EN) NICKEL ALLOYS FOR HYDROGEN STORAGE AND THE GENERATION OF ENERGY THEREFROM
(FR) ALLIAGES AU NICKEL POUR LE STOCKAGE D'HYDROGÈNE ET LA GÉNÉRATION D'ÉNERGIE À PARTIR DE CELUI-CI
Abstract: 
(EN)An apparatus for the generation of thermal energy comprises a reactor vessel containing a volume of pressurized hydrogen; a hydrogen-storing nickel alloy structure in the reactor vessel and configured to have an electric potential applied across it and to be heated to at least about 100 C; and a heat exchange conduit configured to carry a heat exchange medium past the nickel alloy structure so as to allow thermal energy generated in the nickel alloy structure to be transferred to the heat exchange medium. The hydrogen-storing nickel alloy structure comprises a nickel alloy skeletal catalyst mixed with an oxide. The applied electric potential, and the increase in the gas pressure and temperature of the hydrogen from the applied heat, create a reaction between hydrogen nuclei and nickel nuclei in the nickel alloy structure whereby thermal energy is generated by the emission of phonons from the nickel alloy structure.
(FR)L'invention concerne un appareil de génération d'énergie thermique qui comprend une cuve de réacteur comprenant un volume d'hydrogène sous pression ; une structure d'alliage au nickel stockant l'hydrogène, dans la cuve de réacteur et conçu pour avoir un potentiel électrique appliqué au travers de celle-ci et pour être chauffée à au moins environ 100°C ; et un conduit d'échange de chaleur conçu pour transporter un milieu d'échange de chaleur devant la structure d'alliage au nickel de façon à permettre à l'énergie thermique générée dans la structure d'alliage au nickel d'être transférée au milieu d'échange de chaleur. La structure d'alliage au nickel stockant l'hydrogène comprend un catalyseur squelettique d'alliage au nickel mélangé avec un oxyde. Le potentiel électrique appliqué et l'augmentation de la pression de gaz et de la température de l'hydrogène à partir de la chaleur appliquée, crée une réaction entre les noyaux d'hydrogène et les noyaux de nickel dans la structure d'alliage au nickel, ce par quoi l'énergie thermique est générée par l'émission de phonons à partir de la structure d'alliage au nickel.
Fusion Patents
LENR patents.
NICKEL ALLOYS FOR HYDROGEN STORAGE AND THE GENERATION OF ENERGY THEREFROM
Enforcement region WO patent Published 2012-12-06 Inventor NEE, Han, H. Assignee TARGET TECHNOLOGY INTERNATIONAL, LTD Patent number WO2012166808A2 Abstract
An apparatus for the generation of thermal energy comprises a reactor vessel containing a volume of pressurized hydrogen; a hydrogen-storing nickel alloy structure in the reactor vessel and configured to have an electric potential applied across it and to be heated to at least about 100 C; and a heat exchange conduit configured to carry a heat exchange medium past the nickel alloy structure so as to allow thermal energy generated in the nickel alloy structure to be transferred to the heat exchange medium. The hydrogen-storing nickel alloy structure comprises a nickel alloy skeletal catalyst mixed with an oxide. The applied electric potential, and the increase in the gas pressure and temperature of the hydrogen from the applied heat, create a reaction between hydrogen nuclei and nickel nuclei in the nickel alloy structure whereby thermal energy is generated by the emission of phonons from the nickel alloy structure.
Enhanced alpha particle emitter
Enforcement region US Patent Granted 2012-11-06 Inventor CRAVENS, DENNIS Assignee CRAVENS, DENNIS Patent number US8303865B1 Abstract
The inventive subject matter includes a composition of matter and methods of producing a composition of matter, where the composition has an adjustable emission rate. In one aspect of the inventive subject matter, a composition comprises metallic ions and a radioactive material disposed in a ceramic matrix. The composition has a first natural emission rate when unexposed to Hydrogen. When the composition is exposed to a hydrogen isotope, preferably in gaseous form, the composition’s emission rate increases.
METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR GENERATING ENERGY BY NUCLEAR REACTIONS OF HYDROGEN ADSORBED BY ORBITAL CAPTURE ON A NANOCRYSTALLINE STRUCTURE OF A METAL
Enforcement region WO Patent Published 2012-11-01 Inventor PIANTELLI, Francesco Assignee PIANTELLI, Silvia; MEIARINI, Alessandro; CIAMPOLI, Leonardo; CHELLINI, Fabio Patent number WO2012147045A1 Abstract
Increasing and regulating the power obtained according to a method and by an apparatus based on nuclear reactions between hydrogen and a primary material comprising cluster nanostructures of a transition metal, in which hydrogen is kept in contact with the clusters within a generation chamber, at a determined process temperature, and in which a process comprising an orbital capture reaction of H ions by clusters and then a capture reaction by the atoms of the cluster is triggered by impulsively acting on the primary material, thus generating an energy as a primary reaction heat. Solution: arranging a secondary material such as Lithium and or Boron and or a transition metal as 232Th, 236U, 239U, 239Pu within a predetermined distance from the clusters of primary material, such that secondary material faces primary material, said secondary material adapted to interact with protons that are emitted by from primary material during the above process. Secondary material reacts with such protons according to nuclear proton-dependent reactions releasing a secondary reaction heat that is added to primary reaction heat. According to an aspect of the invention, a step, and a means thereto, is provided of for regulating the heat produced, by adjusting the amount of secondary material that is arranged close to and facing primary material.
H2O-BASED ELECTROCHEMICAL HYDROGEN-CATALYST POWER SYSTEM
Enforcement region WO patent Published 2012-10-11 Inventor MILLS, Randell, L. Assignee BLACKLIGHT POWER, INC.� Patent number WO2012138576A1 Abstract
An electrochemical power system is provided that generates an electromotive force (EMF) from the catalytic reaction of hydrogen to lower energy (hydrino) states providing direct conversion of the energy released from the hydrino reaction into electricity, the system comprising at least two components chosen from: H2O catalyst or a source of H2O catalyst; atomic hydrogen or a source of atomic hydrogen; reactants to form the H2O catalyst or source of H2O catalyst and atomic hydrogen or source of atomic hydrogen; and one or more reactants to initiate the catalysis of atomic hydrogen. The electrochemical power system for forming hydrinos and electricity can further comprise a cathode compartment comprising a cathode, an anode compartment comprising an anode, optionally a salt bridge, reactants that constitute hydrino reactants during cell operation with separate electron flow and�ion�mass transport, and a source of hydrogen. Due to oxidation-reduction cell half reactions, the hydrino-producing reaction mixture is constituted with the migration of electrons through an external circuit and�ion�mass transport through a separate path such as the electrolyte to complete an electrical circuit. A power source and hydride reactor is further provided that powers a power system comprising (i) a reaction cell for the catalysis of atomic hydrogen to form hydrinos, (ii) a chemical fuel mixture comprising at least two components chosen from: a source of H2O catalyst or H2O catalyst; a source of atomic hydrogen or atomic hydrogen; reactants to form the source of H2O catalyst or H2O catalyst and a source of atomic hydrogen or atomic hydrogen; one or more reactants to initiate the catalysis of atomic hydrogen; and a support to enable the catalysis, (iii) thermal systems for reversing an exchange reaction to thermally regenerate the fuel from the reaction products, (iv) a heat sink that accepts the heat from the power-producing reactions, and (v) a power conversion system.
Dislocation site formation techniques
Enforcement region US Patent Published 2012-07-24 Inventor MILEY G H Assignee NPL ASSOC INC (NPLA-N) Patent number US 8227020 B1 Abstract
Techniques to form dislocation cores along an interface of a multilayer thin film structure are described. The loading and/or deloading of isotopes of hydrogen are also described in association with core formation. The described techniques can provide be applied to superconductive structure formation, x-ray and charged particle generation, nuclear reaction processes, and/or inertial confinement fusion targets.
Producing method for heavy electrons involves producing heavy electrons at electrically-conductive material as surface plasmon polaritons propagate along formed structure which comprises material system
Enforcement region US Patent Published 2011-10-20 Inventor ZAWODNY J M Assignee NASA US NAT AERO&SPACE ADMIN (USAS-C)
Patent number US 20110255645 A1 Abstract
A method for producing heavy electrons is based on a material system that includes an electrically-conductive material is selected. The material system has a resonant frequency associated therewith for a given operational environment. A structure is formed that includes a non-electrically-conductive material and the material system. The structure incorporates the electrically-conductive material at least at a surface thereof. The geometry of the structure supports propagation of surface plasmon polaritons at a selected frequency that is approximately equal to the resonant frequency of the material system. As a result, heavy electrons are produced at the electrically-conductive material as the surface plasmon polaritons propagate along the structure.
Energy Generation Apparatus and Method
Enforcement region US Patent Application 2011-05-26 Inventor Godes, Robert E. Assignee Brillouin Energy Corp. Patent number US 20110122984 A1 Abstract
A practical technique for inducing and controlling the fusion of nuclei within a solid lattice. A reactor includes a loading source to provide the light nuclei which are to be fused, a lattice which can absorb the light nuclei, a source of phonon energy, and a control mechanism to start and stop stimulation of phonon energy and/or the loading of reactants. The lattice transmits phonon energy sufficient to affect electron-nucleus collapse. By controlling the stimulation of phonon energy and controlling the loading of light nuclei into the lattice, energy released by the fusion reactions is allowed to dissipate before it builds to the point that it causes destruction of the reaction lattice.
Processo ed apparecchiatura per ottenere reazioni esotermiche, in particolare da nickel ed idrogeno
Enforcement region Italian patent Published 2011-04-06 Inventor Rossi Andrea Assignee PASCUCCI MADDALENA + (PASCUCCI MADDALENA) Patent number MI2008A000629 Abstract
A method and apparatus for carrying out highly efficient exothermal reaction between nickel and hydrogen atoms in a tube, preferably, though not necessary, a metal tube filled by a nickel powder and heated to a high temperature, preferably, though not necessary, from 150 to 5000C are herein disclosed. In the inventive apparatus, hydrogen is injected into the metal tube containing a highly pressurized nickel powder having a pressure, preferably though not necessarily, from 2 to 20 bars.
Electrochemical power system for generating electromotive force (EMF) and thermal energy, comprises cathode, anode, and reactants that constitute hydrino reactants during cell operation with separate electron flow and ion mass transport
Enforcement region WO Patent Published 2011-03-17 Inventor MILLS R L Assignee BLACKLIGHT POWER INC (BLAC-N) Patent number WO 2011116236 A2 Abstract
An electrochemical power system is provided that generates an electromotive force (EMF) from the catalytic reaction of hydrogen to lower energy (hydrino) states providing direct conversion of die energy released from the hydrino reaction into electricity, the system comprising at least two components chosen from: a catalyst or a source of catalyst; atomic hydrogen or a source of atomic hydrogen; reactants to form the catalyst or source of catalyst and atomic hydrogen or source of atomic hydrogen, and one or more reactants to initiate the catalysis of atomic hydrogen. The electrochemical power system for forming hydrinos and electricity can farther comprise a cathode compartment comprising a cathode, an anode compartment comprising an anode, optionally a salt bridge, reactants that constitute hydrino reactants during cell operation with separate electron flow and ion mass transport, and a source of hydrogen. Due to oxidation-reduction cell half reactions, the hydrino-producing reaction mixture is constituted with, the migration of ‘electrons through an external circuit and ion mass transport through a separate path such as the electrolyte to complete an electrical circuit. A power source and hydride reactor is further provided that powers a power system comprising (i) a reaction cell for the catalysis of atomic hydrogen to form hydrinos, (ii) a chemical fuel mixture comprising at least two components chosen from; a source of catalyst or catalyst; a source of atomic hydrogen or atomic hydrogen, reactants to form the source of catalyst or catalyst and a source of atomic hydrogen or atomic hydrogen; one or more reactants to initiate the catalysis of atomic hydrogen; and a support to enable the catalysis, (iii) thermal systems for reversing an exchange reaction So thermally regenerate the fuel from the reaction products, (iv) a heat sink that accepts the heat from the power-producing reactions, and (v) a power conversion system.
Apparatus and method for absorption of incident gamma radiation and its conversion to outgoing radiation at less penetrating, lower energies and frequencies
Enforcement region WO Patent Published 2011-02-22 Inventor Lewis G. Larsen, Chicago, IL (US); Allan Widom, Brighton, MA (US) Assignee Lattice Energy LLC, Chicago, IL (US) Patent number WO 2007030740 A2 Abstract
Gamma radiation (22) is shielded by producing a region of heavy electrons (4) and receiving incident gamma radiation in such region. The heavy electrons absorb energy from the gamma radiation and re-radiate it as photons (38, 40) at a lower energy and frequency. The heavy electrons may be produced in surface plasmon polaritons. Multiple regions (6) of collectively oscillating protons or deuterons with associated heavy electrons may be provided. Nanoparticles of a target material on a metallic surface capable of supporting surface plasmons may be provided. The region of heavy electrons is associated with that metallic surface. The method induces a breakdown in a Born-Oppenheimer approximation Apparatus and method are described.
Apparatus for energy generation using nuclear fusion, has closed loop control system which controls number and depth of nuclear reactions in core to provide desired level of energy generation while allowing for energy dissipation
Enforcement region US Patent Published 2010-10-25 Inventor GODES R E Assignee BRILLOUIN ENERGY CORP (BRIL-N) Patent number US 20110122984 A1 Abstract
This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/617,632, filed Dec. 28, 2006 for ‘Energy Generation Apparatus and Method’ (Robert E. Godes), which claims priority from U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/755,024, filed Dec. 29, 2005 for ‘Energy Generation Apparatus and Method’ (Robert E. Godes). The entire disclosures of the above-named applications (including all attached documents) are hereby incorporated by reference for all purposes.
Laser useful to form an inverted population in an energy level of molecular hydrogen, comprises a laser medium comprising molecular hydrogen, a cavity, an applied electric field, and a power source
Enforcement region WO Patent Published 2010-08-04 Inventor MILLS R L Assignee BLACKLIGHT POWER INC (BLAC-N); MILLS R L (MILL-I) Patent number WO 2011017386 A1 Abstract
This invention comprises a laser based on hydrogen molecules designated H 2 (1/p) wherein the internuclear distance of each is about a reciprocal integer p times that of ordinary H 2 . The H 2 (1/p) molecules are vibration-rotationally excited and lase with a transition from a vibration-rotational level to another lower-energy-level other than one with a significant Boltzmann population at the cell neutral-gas temperature (e.g. one with both ? and J = 0). The vibration-rotational excitation may be by a direct collisional excitation or a light source such as a lamp, flash lamp, or internal or external plasma light source. Alternatively, the excitation may be by an energy exchange with an excited state species such as an excited activator molecule. The direct excitation and the excitation of the activator may be by collision with an energetic particle from a particle beam such as an electron beam or collision with an energetic species accelerated by power input to the cell. The power input to cause energetic species may be at least one of a particle beam such as an electron beam and microwave, high voltage, and RF discharges. The source of H 2 (1/p) may external, or H 2 (1/p) may be generated insitu by the catalysis of atomic hydrogen to form H(1/p) that further reacts to form H 2 (1/p). The laser further comprises a laser cavity, cavity mirrors, a source of an electric field to permit dipole emission, and a power source that may at least partially comprise a cell for the catalysis of atomic hydrogen to form novel hydrogen species and/or compositions of matter comprising new forms of hydrogen. The reaction may be maintained by a particle beam, microwave, glow, or RF discharge plasma of a source of atomic hydrogen and a source of catalyst such as argon to provide catalyst Ar + . A species such as oxygen may react with the source of catalyst such as Ar*2 to form the catalyst such as Ar +. At least one of the power from catalysis and an external power source maintains H 2 (1/p) in an excited vibration-rotational state from which stimulated emission may occur. The emission may be in the ultraviolet (UV) and extreme ultraviolet (EUV) which may be used for photolithography.
High energy crystal generators and their applications
Enforcement region WO Patent Published 2010-06-22 Inventor Putterman, Seth; Gimzewski, James K.; Naranjo, Brian B. Assignee The Regents Of The University Of California Patent number WO 2006060030 A2 Abstract
Ferroelectric, pyroelectric and piezoelectric crystals are used to generate spatially localized high energy (up to and exceeding 100 keV) electron and ion beams, which may be used in a wide variety of applications including pulsed neutron generation, therapeutic X-ray/electron devices, elemental analysis, local scanning chemical analysis, high energy scanning microscopy, point source compact transmission electron microscopy, compact ion beam sources, positron sources, micro-thrusters for ion engines, and improved fusion efficiency especially of the Farnsworth type. The high-energy emission can be created by simply heating the material or by application of external coercive electromagnetic and acoustic fields
Power source for power system comprises reaction cell for catalysis of atomic hydrogen, reaction vessel, vacuum pump, source of atomic hydrogen, source of hydrogen catalyst, other reactant to cause catalysis, and heater
Enforcement region WO Patent Published 2010-03-18 Inventor MILLS R L Assignee BLACKLIGHT POWER INC (BLAC-N) Patent number WO 2011016878 A1 Abstract
A power source and hydride reactor is provided that powers a power system comprising (i) a reaction cell for the catalysis of atomic hydrogen to form hydrinos, (ii) a chemical fuel mixture comprising at least two components chosen from: a source of catalyst or catalyst; a source of atomic hydrogen or atomic hydrogen; reactants to form the source of catalyst or catalyst and a source of atomic hydrogen or atomic hydrogen; one or more reactants to initiate the catalysis of atomic hydrogen; and a support to enable the catalysis, (iii) thermal systems for reversing an exchange reaction to thermally regenerate the fuel from the reaction products, (iv) a heat sink that accepts the heat from the power-producing reactions, and (v) a power conversion system. In an embodiment, the catalysis reaction is activated or initiated and propagated by one or more other chemical reactions such as a hydride-halide exchange reaction between a metal of the catalyst and another metal. These reactions are thermally reversible by the removal of metal vapor in the reverse exchange. The hydrino reactions are maintained and regenerated in a batch mode using thermally- coupled multi-cells arranged in bundles wherein cells in the power-production phase of the cycle heat cells in the regeneration phase. In this intermittent cell power design, the thermal power is statistically constant as the cell number becomes large, or the cells cycle is controlled to achieve steady power. In another power system embodiment, the hydrino reactions are maintained and regenerated continuously in each cell wherein heat from the power production phase of a thermally reversible cycle provides the energy for regeneration of the initial reactants from the products. Since the reactants undergo both modes simultaneously in each cell, the thermal power output from each cell is constant. Thermal power is converted to electrical power by a heat engine exploiting a cycle such as a Rankine, Brayton, Stirling, or steam-engine cycle. In another embodiment, the exchange reactions are constituted in half-cell reactions as the basis of a unique fuel cell wherein direct electrical power is developed with energy released by the reaction of hydrogen to form hydrinos
Power source for power system comprises reaction cell for catalysis of atomic hydrogen, reaction vessel, vacuum pump, source of atomic hydrogen, source of hydrogen catalyst, other reactant to cause catalysis, and heater
Enforcement region WO Patent Published 2010-03-05 Inventor MILLS R L Assignee BLACKLIGHT POWER INC (BLAC-N) Patent number WO 2011016878 A1 Abstract
A power source and hydride reactor is provided that powers a power system comprising (i) a reaction cell for the catalysis of atomic hydrogen to form hydrinos, (ii) a chemical fuel mixture comprising at least two components chosen from: a source of catalyst or catalyst; a source of atomic hydrogen or atomic hydrogen; reactants to form the source of catalyst or catalyst and a source of atomic hydrogen or atomic hydrogen; one or more reactants to initiate the catalysis of atomic hydrogen; and a support to enable the catalysis, (iii) thermal systems for reversing an exchange reaction to thermally regenerate the fuel from the reaction products, (iv) a heat sink that accepts the heat from the power-producing reactions, and (v) a power conversion system. In an embodiment, the catalysis reaction is activated or initiated and propagated by one or more other chemical reactions such as a hydride-halide exchange reaction between a metal of the catalyst and another metal. These reactions are thermally reversible by the removal of metal vapor in the reverse exchange. The hydrino reactions are maintained and regenerated in a batch mode using thermally- coupled multi-cells arranged in bundles wherein cells in the power-production phase of the cycle heat cells in the regeneration phase. In this intermittent cell power design, the thermal power is statistically constant as the cell number becomes large, or the cells cycle is controlled to achieve steady power. In another power system embodiment, the hydrino reactions are maintained and regenerated continuously in each cell wherein heat from the power production phase of a thermally reversible cycle provides the energy for regeneration of the initial reactants from the products. Since the reactants undergo both modes simultaneously in each cell, the thermal power output from each cell is constant. Thermal power is converted to electrical power by a heat engine exploiting a cycle such as a Rankine, Brayton, Stirling, or steam-engine cycle. In another embodiment, the exchange reactions are constituted in half-cell reactions as the basis of a unique fuel cell wherein direct electrical power is developed with energy released by the reaction of hydrogen to form hydrinos
Method and Apparatus for Carrying Out Nickel and Hydrogen Exothermal Reactions
Enforcement region WIPO Application 2009-10-15 Inventor Rossi, Andrea Assignee
Patent number PCT/IT2008/000532 Abstract
A method and apparatus for carrying out highly efficient exothermal reaction between nickel and hydrogen atoms in a tube, preferably, though not necessary, a metal tube filled by a nickel powder and heated to a high temperature, preferably, though not necessary, from 150 to 5000C are herein disclosed. In the inventive apparatus, hydrogen is injected into the metal tube containing a highly pressurized nickel powder having a pressure, preferably though not necessarily, from 2 to 20 bars.
System for computing and rendering nature of chemical bond in pharmaceutical application, has output device e.g. video projector, in communication with processing unit for outputting nature of chemical bond
Enforcement region US Patent Published 2009-09-25 Inventor MILLS R L Assignee BLACKLIGHT POWER INC (BLAC-N) Patent number US 20100121619 A1 Abstract
A method and system of physically solving the charge, mass, and current density functions of organic molecules using Maxwell’s equations and computing and rendering the physical nature of the chemical bond using the solutions. The solutions can be used to solve the dipole moments in molecules or induced dipole moments between species that in turn can be used to solve condensed matter parameters and reaction kinetics. The results can be displayed on visual or graphical media. The display can be static or dynamic such that electron motion and specie’s vibrational, rotational, and translational motion can be displayed in an embodiment. The displayed information is useful to anticipate reactivity and physical properties. The insight into the nature of the chemical bond of at least one species can permit the solution and display of those of other species to provide utility to anticipate their reactivity and physical properties
Forming surface layer with catalytic activity, on nickel or its alloy based substrate, involves oxidizing surface to get anchoring layer of nickel oxide, applying colloidal silica, heating and activating by treatment in reducing atmosphere
Enforcement region WO Patent Published 2009-08-07 Inventor CELANI F; DI STEFANO V; MARINI P; NAKAMURA M Assignee BONIFAZI RAZZANTI M (RAZZ-I); LAM.BA ENG&CONSULTING SRL (LAMB-N); MARINI F (MARI-I); MARINI L (MARI-I) Patent number WO 2011016014 A2 Abstract
Thin nanostructured layers on surfaces of nickel or its alloys for quickly achieving high hydrogen adsorption values (H/Ni ~ 0.7) through direct metal/gas contact. The said layers are produced by a process comprising the step of oxidising the said surfaces, applying a film of aqueous silica sol to them, subsequent heating in an -oxidising atmosphere and final activation through reduction in a reducing atmosphere
Power source for hydride reactor, comprises reaction cell for catalysis of atomic hydrogen, reaction vessel, vacuum pump, source of atomic hydrogen, source of hydrogen catalyst, reactant(s) to cause catalysis and heater
Enforcement region WO Patent Published 2009-07-29 Inventor MILLS R; MILLS R L Assignee BLACKLIGHT POWER INC (BLAC-N); MILLS R L (MILL-I) Patent number WO 2010014684 A2 Abstract
A power source and hydride reactor is provided comprising a reaction cell for the catalysis of atomic hydrogen to form hydrinos, a source of atomic hydrogen, a source of a hydrogen catalyst comprising a solid, liquid, or heterogeneous catalyst reaction mixture. The catalysis reaction is activated or initiated and propagated by one or more chemical other reactions. These reactions maintained on a electrically conductive support can be of several classes such as (i) exothermic reactions which provide the activation energy for the hydrino catalysis reaction, (ii) coupled reactions that provide for at least one of a source of catalyst or atomic hydrogen to support the hydrino catalyst reaction, (iii) free radical reactions that serve as an acceptor of electrons from the catalyst during the hydrino catalysis reaction, (iv) oxidation-reduction reactions that, in an embodiment, serve as an acceptor of electrons from the catalyst during the hydrino catalysis reaction, (v) exchange reactions such as anion exchange that facilitate the action of the catalyst to become ionized as it accepts energy from atomic hydrogen to form hydrinos, and (vi) getter, support, or matrix-assisted hydrino reaction that may provide at least one of a chemical environment for the hydrino reaction, act to transfer electrons to facilitate the H catalyst function, undergoes a reversible phase or other physical change or change in its electronic state, and binds a lower-energy hydrogen product to increase at least one of the extent or rate of the hydrino reaction. Power and chemical plants that can be operated continuously using electrolysis or thermal regeneration reactions maintained in synchrony with at least one of power and lower-energy-hydrogen chemical production.
Power source for hydride reactor, comprises reaction cell for catalysis of atomic hydrogen, reaction vessel, vacuum pump, source of atomic hydrogen, source of hydrogen catalyst, reactant(s) to cause catalysis and heater
Enforcement region WO Patent Published 2009-07-17 Inventor MILLS R; MILLS R L Assignee BLACKLIGHT POWER INC (BLAC-N); MILLS R L (MILL-I) Patent number WO 2010014684 A2 Abstract
A power source and hydride reactor is provided comprising a reaction cell for the catalysis of atomic hydrogen to form hydrinos, a source of atomic hydrogen, a source of a hydrogen catalyst comprising a solid, liquid, or heterogeneous catalyst reaction mixture. The catalysis reaction is activated or initiated and propagated by one or more chemical other reactions. These reactions maintained on a electrically conductive support can be of several classes such as (i) exothermic reactions which provide the activation energy for the hydrino catalysis reaction, (ii) coupled reactions that provide for at least one of a source of catalyst or atomic hydrogen to support the hydrino catalyst reaction, (iii) free radical reactions that serve as an acceptor of electrons from the catalyst during the hydrino catalysis reaction, (iv) oxidation-reduction reactions that, in an embodiment, serve as an acceptor of electrons from the catalyst during the hydrino catalysis reaction, (v) exchange reactions such as anion exchange that facilitate the action of the catalyst to become ionized as it accepts energy from atomic hydrogen to form hydrinos, and (vi) getter, support, or matrix-assisted hydrino reaction that may provide at least one of a chemical environment for the hydrino reaction, act to transfer electrons to facilitate the H catalyst function, undergoes a reversible phase or other physical change or change in its electronic state, and binds a lower-energy hydrogen product to increase at least one of the extent or rate of the hydrino reaction. Power and chemical plants that can be operated continuously using electrolysis or thermal regeneration reactions maintained in synchrony with at least one of power and lower-energy-hydrogen chemical production.
Hydrogen isotope fuel cell
Enforcement region US Patent Published 2009-07-07 Inventor Patterson, James A. (Sarasota, FL); Thompson, John A. (Nassau, BS); Entenmann, Charles E. (Key Largo, FL); O’Malley, Joyce A. (Sarasota, FL) Assignee Patterson; James A. (Sarasato, FL) Patent number US 7556783 Abstract
An energy conversion cell for converting electric power into heat. The cell includes a non-conductive housing formed of spaced, preferably glass outer plates sealed along common perimeters thereof to define a closed interior volume or chamber. At least two catalytic plates are held spaced apart in the interior volume, preferably separated by a dielectric plate. The catalytic plates are preferably formed of very thin palladium plate material. A gas passage in gas communication with the interior volume is connectable to a source of pressurized hydrogen (H.sub.2) or deuterium (D.sub.2) gas deliverable into said interior volume. A high voltage a.c. electric power source is connectable through a high voltage step-up transformer between each of the catalytic plates whereby, when a.c. electric current flows through the catalytic plates and across the dielectric plate, the interior volume, being filled with hydrogen or deuterium gas, heat is produced within the interior volume for external use
Method and apparatus for the controlled formation of cavitation bubbles
Enforcement region US Patent Published 2009-04-14 Inventor LeClair, Mark L. (Buxton, ME) Assignee
Patent number US 7517430 B1 Abstract
The present invention discloses a method and apparatus for the directed formation of a re-entrant micro-jet formed upon the collapse of a cavitation bubble formed proximate to a work surface placed in a fluid. A mask containing an orifice, placed between the work surface and the cavitation bubble, is utilized to direct the re-entrant micro-jet to the work surface. The cavitation bubble may be formed in the desired location by focusing an energy flow proximate to the mask. The energy flow may be obtained by radiation from laser, x-ray, or electrical discharge sources
Methods and apparatus for energy conversion using materials comprising molecular deuterium and molecular hydrogen-deuterium
Enforcement region WO Patent Application 2009-04-02 Inventor Hagelstein, Peter L. (Carlisle, MA); McKubre, Michael C.H. (Menlo Park, CA); Trevithick, Matthew D. (Portola Valley, CA); Tanzella, Francis L. (San Carlos, CA); Mullican, Kevin (Los Angeles, CA) Assignee Spindletop Corporation Patent number WO 2006055294 A2 Abstract
A method and apparatus are described which employ processing a host material to cause molecular deuterium (D.sub.2) and/or molecular hydrogen deuterium (HD) to be present within the host material, and processing the host material to cause at least one of He-4 and He-3 to be present within the host material. Stimulating the host material generates reactions, and energy is withdrawn from the host material
Production of energy by nuclear reaction between hydrogen and metal involves arranging crystals of transition metal as clusters, contacting hydrogen with clusters, heating at preset temperature, and triggering nuclear reaction
Enforcement region WO Patent Published 2008-11-24 Inventor PIANTELLI F; PIANTELLI S Assignee BERGOMI L (BERG-I); GHIDINI T (GHID-I); PIANTELLI F (PIAN-I); PIANTELLI S (PIAN-I) Patent number WO 2010058288 A1 Abstract
A method and a generator to produce energy from nuclear reactions between hydrogen and a metal, comprising the steps of a) production of a determined quantity of micro/nanometric clusters of a transition metal, b) bringing hydrogen into contact with said clusters and controlling its pressure and speed, preferably after applying vacuum cycles of at least 10-9 bar between 35? and 500?C for degassing the clusters; c) creating an active core for the reactions by heating the clusters up to a temperature that is higher than the Debye temperature TD of the metal, preferably a temperature close to a temperature at which a sliding of reticular planes occurs, in order to adsorb in the clusters the hydrogen as H- ions; d) triggering the reactions by a mechanical, thermal, ultrasonic, electric or magnetic impulse on the active core, causing the atoms of the metal to capture the hydrogen ions, with liberation of heat, preferably in the presence of a gradient of temperature on the active core; e)removing the heat maintaining the temperature above TD, preferably in the presence of a magnetic and/or electric field of predetermined intensity. The active core can comprise a sintered material of micro/nanometric clusters, or a clusters powder collected in a container, or a deposit of clusters onto a substrate of predetermined volume and shape, with at least 109 clusters per square centimetre of surface, obtainable by means of methods such as sputtering, spraying evaporation and condensation of metal, epitaxial deposition, by heating up to approaching the melting point and then slow cooling, such methods followed by quick cooling for freezing the cluster structure.
New compound comprising neutral, positive, or negative increased binding energy hydrogen species having specific binding energy; and one other element, used in e.g. electronic applications
Enforcement region US Patent Published 2008-06-19 Inventor MILLS R L Assignee BLACKLIGHT POWER INC (BLAC-N) Patent number US 20090142257 A1 Abstract
Compounds are provided comprising at least one neutral, positive, or negative hydrogen species having a binding energy greater than its corresponding ordinary hydrogen species, or greater than any hydrogen species for which the corresponding ordinary hydrogen species is unstable or is not observed. Compounds comprise at least one increased binding energy hydrogen species and at least one other atom, molecule, or ion other than an increased binding energy hydrogen species. One group of such compounds contains one or more increased binding energy hydrogen species selected from the group consisting of H.sub.n, H.sub.n.sup.-, and H.sub.n.sup.+ where n is an integer from one to three. Applications of the compounds include use in batteries, fuel cells, cutting materials, light weight high strength structural materials and synthetic fibers, cathodes for thermionic generators, photoluminescent compounds, corrosion resistant coatings, heat resistant coatings, phosphors for lighting, optical coatings, optical filters, extreme ultraviolet laser media, fiber optic cables, magnets and magnetic computer storage media, and etching agents, masking agents, dopants in semiconductor fabrication, fuels, explosives, and propellants. Increased binding energy hydrogen compounds are useful in chemical synthetic processing methods and refining methods. The increased binding energy hydrogen ion has application as the negative ion of the electrolyte of a high voltage electrolytic cell. The selectivity of increased binding energy hydrogen species in forming bonds with specific isotopes provides a means to purify desired isotopes of elements.
Silicon containing material useful for producing plasma called a resonant transfer/room temperature-plasma comprises silicon and hydrogen forming silicon hydride, exhibiting specific X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measured binding energy
Enforcement region US Patent Published 2008-06-19 Inventor MILLS R L Assignee BLACKLIGHT POWER INC (BLAC-N) Patent number US 20090068082 A1 Abstract
This invention relates to a highly stable silicon hydride (SiH(1/p)) surface coating formed from high binding energy hydride ions. SiH(1/p) may be synthesized in a cell for the catalysis of atomic hydrogen to form novel hydrogen species and/or compositions of matter containing new forms of hydrogen. The reaction may be maintained by a microwave plasma of a source of atomic hydrogen, a source of catalyst, and a source of silicon.
Making compound comprising positive, negative/neutral atom and other elements, used e.g. in batteries, comprises reacting one-electron atom e.g. helium with catalyst and reacting obtained increased binding energy species with element
Enforcement region US Patent Published 2008-06-16 Inventor MILLS R L Assignee BLACKLIGHT POWER INC (BLAC-N) Patent number US 20090196814 A1 Abstract
Provided is a compound having at least one neutral, positive or negative increased binding energy species formed from a one-electron atom having an atomic mass of at least four and at least one other element. The increased binding energy species has a binding energy greater than the binding energy of the corresponding ordinary species, or greater than the binding energy of any species for which the corresponding ordinary species is unstable or is not observed because the ordinary increased binding energy species’ binding energy is less than a thermal energy at ambient conditions, or is negative.
Palladium-boron alloys and methods for making and using such alloys
Enforcement region US Patent Published 2008-06-03 Inventor Miles, Melvin H. (Ridgecrest, CA); Imam, M. Ashraf (Great Falls, VA) Assignee The United States of America as represented by the Secretary of the Navy Patent number US 7381368 Abstract
A palladium-boron composition and methods of making and using same are provided. In one aspect, the invention comprises an alloy comprising palladium and boron, the boron being in solid solution in the palladium and the alloy having a two-phase structure, wherein each phase of the two-phase structure has the same crystal structure as the other phase and has a different set of lattice parameters from the other phase such that the palladium is greatly hardened by the presence of the smaller phase crystals within the spaces between the larger phase crystals. The composition is carefully prepared by a process wherein palladium and an amount of boron sufficient to place the boron in solid solution, but insufficient to combine with the palladium, are placed together and repeatedly are melted, cooled and turned over until sufficiently mixed. The hardened composition can be used to create thinner membranes for hydrogen purification and improved electrodes for generation of heat energy, and other electrochemical processes
Forming increased binding energy hydrogen compound used in battery involves reacting gaseous catalyst with hydrogen and reacting obtained hydrino with source of electrons, hydrogen proton, increased energy hydrogen species and other element
Enforcement region US Patent Published 2008-06-03 Inventor MILLS R L Assignee BLACKLIGHT POWER CO (BLAC-N) Patent number US 20090148729 A1 Abstract
Compounds are provided comprising at least one neutral, positive, or negative hydrogen species having a binding energy greater than its corresponding ordinary hydrogen species, or greater than any hydrogen species for which the corresponding ordinary hydrogen species is unstable or is not observed. Compounds comprise at least one increased binding energy hydrogen species and at least one other atom, molecule, or ion other than an increased binding energy hydrogen species. One group of such compounds contains one or more increased binding energy hydrogen species selected from the group consisting of H.sub.n, H.sub.n.sup.-, and H.sub.n.sup.+ where n is a positive integer, with the proviso that n is greater than 1 when H has a positive charge. Another group of such compounds may have the formula [MH.sub.mM'X].sub.n wherein m and n are each an integer, M and M’ are each an alkali or alkaline earth cation, X is a singly or doubly negative charged anion, and the hydrogen content H.sub.m of the compound comprises at least one increased binding energy hydrogen species. Applications of the compounds include use in batteries, fuel cells, cutting materials, light weight high strength structural materials and synthetic fibers, corrosion resistant coatings, heat resistant coatings, xerographic compounds, proton source, photoluminescent compounds, phosphors for lighting, ultraviolet and visible light source, photoconductors, photovoltaics, chemiluminescent compounds, fluorescent compounds, optical coatings, optical filters, extreme ultraviolet laser media, fiber optic cables, magnets and magnetic computer storage media, superconductors, and etching agents, masking agents, agents to purify silicon, dopants in semiconductor fabrication, cathodes for thermionic generators, fuels, explosives, and propellants. Increased binding energy hydrogen compounds are useful in chemical synthetic processing methods and refining methods. The increased binding energy hydrogen ion has application as the negative ion of the electrolyte of a high voltage electrolytic cell. The selectivity of increased binding energy hydrogen species in forming bonds with specific isotopes provides a means to purify desired isotopes of elements.
Power source and hydride reactor for power plant has reaction cell for catalysis of atomic hydrogen to form hydrogen species and compositions of material comprising forms of hydrogen
Enforcement region WO Patent Published 2008-04-24 Inventor BELARDINELLI L; JERLING M; LANGE L; MILLS R; MILLS R L; PROKOPCZUK E; WANG W; WOLFF A Assignee GILEAD PALO ALTO INC (GILE-C); BLACK LIGHT POWER INC (BLAC-N); BLACKLIGHT POWER INC (BLAC-N); MILLS R L (MILL-I) Patent number WO 2008134451 A1 Abstract
A power source and hydride reactor is provided comprising a reaction cell for the catalysis of atomic hydrogen to form novel hydrogen species and compositions of matter comprising new forms of hydrogen, a source of atomic hydrogen, a source of a hydrogen catalyst comprising a reaction mixture of at least one reactant comprising the element or elements that form the catalyst and at least one other element, whereby the catalyst is formed from the source and the catalysis of atomic hydrogen releases energy In an amount greater than about 300 kJ per mole of hydrogen during the catalysis of the hydrogen atom.
Power source and hydride reactor for power plant has reaction cell for catalysis of atomic hydrogen to form hydrogen species and compositions of material comprising forms of hydrogen
Enforcement region WO Patent Published 2008-04-17 Inventor BELARDINELLI L; JERLING M; LANGE L; MILLS R; MILLS R L; PROKOPCZUK E; WANG W; WOLFF A Assignee GILEAD PALO ALTO INC (GILE-C); BLACK LIGHT POWER INC (BLAC-N); BLACKLIGHT POWER INC (BLAC-N); MILLS R L (MILL-I) Patent number WO 2008134451 A1 Abstract
A power source and hydride reactor is provided comprising a reaction cell for the catalysis of atomic hydrogen to form novel hydrogen species and compositions of matter comprising new forms of hydrogen, a source of atomic hydrogen, a source of a hydrogen catalyst comprising a reaction mixture of at least one reactant comprising the element or elements that form the catalyst and at least one other element, whereby the catalyst is formed from the source and the catalysis of atomic hydrogen releases energy In an amount greater than about 300 kJ per mole of hydrogen during the catalysis of the hydrogen atom.
Power source and hydride reactor for power plant has reaction cell for catalysis of atomic hydrogen to form hydrogen species and compositions of material comprising forms of hydrogen
Enforcement region WO Patent Published 2008-04-17 Inventor BELARDINELLI L; JERLING M; LANGE L; MILLS R; MILLS R L; PROKOPCZUK E; WANG W; WOLFF A Assignee GILEAD PALO ALTO INC (GILE-C); BLACK LIGHT POWER INC (BLAC-N); BLACKLIGHT POWER INC (BLAC-N); MILLS R L (MILL-I) Patent number WO 2008134451 A1 Abstract
A power source and hydride reactor is provided comprising a reaction cell for the catalysis of atomic hydrogen to form novel hydrogen species and compositions of matter comprising new forms of hydrogen, a source of atomic hydrogen, a source of a hydrogen catalyst comprising a reaction mixture of at least one reactant comprising the element or elements that form the catalyst and at least one other element, whereby the catalyst is formed from the source and the catalysis of atomic hydrogen releases energy In an amount greater than about 300 kJ per mole of hydrogen during the catalysis of the hydrogen atom.
Carrying out isothermal reaction of nickel and hydrogen for generation of energy involves injecting hydrogen in metal tube filled by nickel powder, in high temperature and pressurized hydrogen gas saturated environment to generate energy
Enforcement region US Patent Published 2008-04-09 Inventor ROSSI A Assignee PASCUCCI M (PASC-I); ROSSI A (ROSS-I) Patent number EP 2259998 A1 Abstract
A method and apparatus for carrying out highly efficient exothermal reaction between nickel and hydrogen atoms in a tube, preferably, though not necessary, a metal tube filled by a nickel powder and heated to a high temperature, preferably, though not necessary, from 150 to 5000C are herein disclosed. In the inventive apparatus, hydrogen is injected into the metal tube containing a highly pressurized nickel powder having a pressure, preferably though not necessarily, from 2 to 20 bars.
Computing system for rendering nature of chemical bond, e.g. for designing drugs, comprises processor for Maxwellian equations and output device in communication with processor
Enforcement region WO Patent Published 2008-01-02 Inventor MILLS R; MILLS R L Assignee BLACKLIGHT POWER INC (BLAC-N); MILLS R L (MILL-I) Patent number WO 2008085804 A2 Abstract
A method and system of physically solving the charge, mass, and current density functions of pharmaceuticals, allotropes of carbon, metals, silicon molecules, semiconductors, boron molecules, aluminum molecules, coordinate compounds, and organometallic molecules, and tin molecules, or any portion of these species using Maxwell’s equations and computing and rendering the physical nature of the chemical bond using the solutions. The results can be displayed on visual or graphical media. The display can be static or dynamic such that electron motion and specie’s vibrational, rotational, and translational motion can be displayed in an embodiment. The displayed information is useful to anticipate reactivity and physical properties. The insight into the nature of the chemical bond of at least one species can permit the solution and display of those of other species to provide utility to anticipate their reactivity and physical properties.
Modified electrodes for low energy nuclear reaction power generators
Enforcement region US Patent Application 2007-12-06 Inventor Dardik, Irving I. (Califon, NJ); Thompson, Raymond G. (Birmingham, AL); Lesin, Shaul L. (Meitar, IL); Greenspan, Ehud (Emeryville, CA); McKubre, Michael C. (Menlo Park, CA) Assignee
Patent number US 20070280398 Abstract
A low energy nuclear reaction power generator in which hydrogenous atoms are driven to increase atom-packing in a lattice and to increase the flux of hydrogenous atoms. An electrolytic cell is provided containing an anode-cathode electrode pair and an electrically-conductive electrolyte. Modifying substances, such as diamond, diamond-like, boron, beryllium, and/or carbon-based constituents, may be grown in and/or on the electrodes for enhancing the nuclear reactions. Applied across these electrodes may be a train of electrical packets, each comprised of a cluster of pulses. The amplitude and duration of each pulse, the duration of intervals between pulses, and the duration of intervals between successive packets in the train are in a predetermined pattern in accordance with superwaving waves in which each wave is modulated by waves of different frequency
Drive Circuit And Method For Semiconductor Devices
Enforcement region US Patent Application 2007-11-22 Inventor Godes, Robert E. Assignee Profusion Energy, Inc. Patent number US 20070268045 A1 Abstract
The speed limitations of switching a gated semiconductor device are overcome by providing a dynamic driving voltage to the gate of the device being switched. This dynamic driving voltage may be provided by starting with a fixed amount of charge at a higher initial potential than the ultimate target gate voltage. The fixed charge and voltage are chosen so as not to exceed the device’s specified maximum gate current or the device’s maximum voltage between the gate and the source (punch-through voltage)
Method and apparatus for the controlled formation of cavitation bubbles using target bubbles
Enforcement region US Patent Published 2007-11-20 Inventor LeClair, Mark L. Assignee
Patent number US 7297288 Abstract
A method for inducing a controllable jet in a transparent liquid is disclosed. The method comprises providing a gas-liquid interface, providing a laser source and generating a beam comprising a sequence of laser pulses, and focusing the beam to a target location within the liquid at a predetermined distance from the gas-liquid interface and creating a plurality of cavitation bubbles, yielding a jet directed away from the gas-liquid interface. Other methods and apparatus are also described and claimed
Electrical cells, components and methods
Enforcement region WO Patent Published 2007-07-17 Inventor Miley, George H. (Champaign, IL) Assignee Lattice Energy LLC (Chicago, IL) Patent number WO 2001063010 A1 Abstract
Preferred electrode devices (10) including a substrate (11) and cathode (13) and anode material (12) coated thereon in discreet locations are described. The cathode materials desirably include multiple layers of thin metal films (14). Preferred cell devices including conductive elements and a solid state source of charged ions for migration into and through the conductive elements are also described.
Switching method for semiconductor device e.g. power metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor, involves supplying charge to circuit node coupled to gate with time behavior characterized by high initial voltage
Enforcement region WO Patent Published 2007-05-21 Inventor GODES R E Assignee PROFUSION ENERGY INC (PROF-N) Patent number WO 2007137268 A2 Abstract
Techniques for overcoming many of the speed limitations of switching a gated device while protecting the device from damage provide a dynamic driving voltage to the gate of the device being switched. This dynamic voltage provides a way to overcome the complex impedances between the drive point and the actual gate allowing faster switching speeds. This dynamic driving voltage is provided by starting with a fixed amount of charge at a higher initial potential. The fixed charge and voltage are chosen so as not to exceed the device’s specified maximum gate current or the device’s maximum voltage between the gate and the source (punch-through voltage)
Method and system of computing and rendering the nature of the chemical bond of hydrogen-type molecules and molecular ions
Enforcement region WO Patent Published 2007-03-06 Inventor Mills, Randell L Assignee Blacklight Power Inc. Patent number WO-2005116630-A3 Abstract
Provided is a system of computing and rendering a nature of a chemical bond based on physical, Maxwellian solutions of charge, mass, and current density functions of hydrogen-type molecules and molecular ions. The system includes a processor for processing Maxwellian equations representing charge, mass, and current density functions of hydrogen-type molecules and molecular ions and an output device in communication with the processor for displaying the nature of the chemical bond.
Energy generation apparatus has control system that regulates number of nuclear reactions and depth of nuclear reactions in core so as to provide desired level of energy generation
Enforcement region WO Patent Published 2006-12-28 Inventor GODES R; GODES R E Assignee PROFUSION ENERGY INC (PROF-N) Patent number WO 2007130156 A2 Abstract
A practical technique for inducing and controlling the fusion of nuclei within a solid lattice. A reactor includes a loading source to provide the light nuclei which are to be fused, a lattice which can absorb the light nuclei, a source of phonon energy, and a control mechanism to start and stop stimulation of phonon energy and/or the loading of reactants. The lattice transmits phonon energy sufficient to affect electron-nucleus collapse. By controlling the stimulation of phonon energy and controlling the loading of light nuclei into the lattice, energy released by the fusion reactions is allowed to dissipate before it builds to the point that it causes destruction of the reaction lattice.
System for physically solving Maxwellian solutions of charge, mass and current density functions of atoms and atomic ions, comprises processing unit for computing nature of excited state atomic and atomic ionic electrons, and output unit
Enforcement region US Patent Published 2006-11-14 Inventor MILLS R L Assignee BLACKLIGHT POWER INC (BLAC-N) Patent number US 7689367 B2 Abstract
A method and system of physically solving the charge, mass, and current density functions of excited-state atoms and atomic ions using Maxwell’s equations and computing and rendering the nature of excited-state electrons using the solutions. The results can be displayed on visual or graphical media. The display can be static or dynamic such that electron spin and rotation motion can be displayed in an embodiment. The displayed information is useful to anticipate reactivity and physical properties. The insight into the nature of excited-state electrons can permit the solution and display of those of other atoms and atomic ions and provide utility to anticipate their reactivity and physical properties as well as spectral absorption and emission to lead to new optical materials and light sources
System of computing and rendering nature of species for pharmaceutical applications, processes physical, Maxwellian equations representing charge, mass and current density functions of species
Enforcement region WO Patent Published 2006-10-30 Inventor MILLS R; MILLS R L Assignee BLACKLIGHT POWER INC (BLAC-N) Patent number WO 2007051078 A2 Abstract
A method and system of physically solving the charge, mass, and current density functions of polyatomic molecules, polyatomic molecular ions, diatomic molecules, molecular radicals, molecular ions, or any portion of these species using Maxwell’s equations and computing and rendering the physical nature of the chemical bond using the solutions. The results can be displayed on visual or graphical media. The display can be static or dynamic such that electron motion and specie’s vibrational, rotational, and translational motion can be displayed in an embodiment. The displayed information is useful to anticipate reactivity and physical properties. The insight into the nature of the chemical bond of at least one specie can permit the solution and display of those of other species to provide utility to anticipate their reactivity and physical properties.
Specie`s e.g. polyatomic molecule, nature computing and rendering system for use in e.g. pharmaceutical application, has general purpose computer using classical quantum mechanics for processing Maxwellian equations of specie
Enforcement region WO Patent Published 2006-10-30 Inventor MILLS R L Assignee BLACKLIGHT POWER INC (BLAC-N) Patent number WO 2007053486 A2 Abstract
A method and system of physically solving the charge, mass, and current density functions of polyatomic molecules, polyatomic molecular ions, diatomic molecules, molecular radicals, molecular ions, or any portion of these species using Maxwell’s equations and computing and rendering the physical nature of the chemical bond using the solutions. The results can be displayed on visual or graphical media. The display can be static or dynamic such that electron motion and specie’s vibrational, rotational, and translational motion can be displayed in an embodiment. The displayed information is useful to anticipate reactivity and physical properties. The insight into the nature of the chemical bond of at least one specie can permit the solution and display of those of other species to provide utility to anticipate their reactivity and physical properties.
Method for acceleration-induced reactions in materials containing deuterium involves accelerating solid material containing deuterium and removing energy generated by reactions from solid material
Enforcement region WO Patent Published 2006-05-26 Inventor HAGELSTEIN P L Assignee SPINDLETOP CORP (SPIN-N) Patent number WO 2008051180 A2 Abstract
Methods and devices for generating nuclear reactions in solid and liquid deuterium containing materials are described. Non-uniform acceleration causes reactions in the materials, which can contain HD and/or D2, as well as receiver nuclei. Energy generated by the reactions can be removed as heat, as reaction products or as motion coupled into macroscopic modes
Gate drive circuit for use in e.g. insulated gate bipolar transistor, has switching circuitry connecting voltage source to charge storage device and another circuitry isolating device from gate when circuit enters ON state
Enforcement region US Patent Published 2006-05-22 Inventor GODES R E, US Assignee PROFUSION ENERGY INC, US (PROF-N) Patent number US 20070268045 A1 Abstract
The speed limitations of switching a gated semiconductor device are overcome by providing a dynamic driving voltage to the gate of the device being switched. This dynamic driving voltage may be provided by starting with a fixed amount of charge at a higher initial potential than the ultimate target gate voltage. The fixed charge and voltage are chosen so as not to exceed the device’s specified maximum gate current or the device’s maximum voltage between the gate and the source (punch-through voltage)
APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR GENERATION OF ULTRA LOW MOMENTUM NEUTRONS
Enforcement region WO Patent Application 2006-04-28 Inventor Larsen, Lewis G. (US); Widom, Alan (US) Assignee
Patent number WO 2006119080 A2 Abstract
Method and apparatus for generating ultra-low momentum neutrons (‘ULMNs’) using surface plasmon polariton electrons 14, hydrogen isotopes 10, surfaces 20 of metallic substrate 12, collective many-body effects, and weak interactions in a controlled manner. The ULMNs can be used to trigger nuclear transmutation reactions and produce heat. One aspect of the present invention effectively provides a ‘transducer’ mechanism that permits controllable, low-energy, scalable condensed matter system at comparatively modest temperatures and pressures
Apparatus for generating a low energy nuclear reaction involving a material and hydrogenous atoms, comprises a low energy nuclear reaction cell having an electrically conductive electrolyte, and a power supply
Enforcement region WO Patent Published 2005-12-05 Inventor DARDIK I I; THOMPSON R G; LESIN S L; GREENSPAN E; MCKUBRE M C Assignee DARDIK I I, US (DARD-I); THOMPSON R G, US (THOM-I); LESIN S L, IL (LESI-I); GREENSPAN E, US (GREE-I); MCKUBRE M C, US (MCKU-I) Patent number WO 2007114845 A2 Abstract
A low energy nuclear reaction power generator in which hydrogenous atoms are driven to increase atom-packing in a lattice and to increase the flux of hydrogenous atoms. An electrolytic cell is provided containing an anode-cathode electrode pair and an electrically-conductive electrolyte. Modifying substances, such as diamond, diamond-like, boron, beryllium, and/or carbon-based constituents, may be grown in and/or on the electrodes for enhancing the nuclear reactions. Applied across these electrodes may be a train of electrical packets, each comprised of a cluster of pulses. The amplitude and duration of each pulse, the duration of intervals between pulses, and the duration of intervals between successive packets in the train are in a predetermined pattern in accordance with superwaving waves in which each wave is modulated by waves of different frequency
Heat-energy generation involves maintaining temperature of heavy hydrogen gas of space within predetermined range, so that heavy hydrogen molecules of heavy hydrogen gas permeate as heavy hydrogen ions through vessel
Enforcement region WO Patent Published 2005-11-25 Inventor ARATA Y Assignee ARATA Y (ARAT-I) Patent number WO 2007061019 A1 Abstract
A practical method of generating heat energy which attains an excellent efficiency of heat energy generation; and an apparatus for generating heat energy. The apparatus for heat energy generation has a first space and a second space which are separated from each other by a first vessel having permeability to heavy hydrogen. In the method for heat energy generation, the apparatus is used to generate heat energy. The second space is in a vacuum state and has, placed therein, a substance having the property of absorbing heavy hydrogen. The method for heat energy generation comprises a step in which heavy-hydrogen gas is fed to the first space and a step in which the temperature of the heavy-hydrogen gas present in the first space is kept within a given temperature range so that heavy-hydrogen molecules of the heavy hydrogen gas present in the first space permeate as heavy-hydrogen ions through the first vessel.
Method and apparatus for the controlled formation of cavitation bubbles
Enforcement region WO Patent Published 2005-11-01 Inventor LeClair, Mark L. Assignee
Patent number WO 2003061989 A1 Abstract
The present invention discloses a method and apparatus for the directed formation of a re-entrant micro-jet formed upon the collapse of a cavitation bubble formed proximate to a work surface placed in a fluid. A mask containing an orifice, placed between the work surface and the cavitation bubble, is utilized to direct the re-entrant micro-jet to the work surface. The cavitation bubble may be formed in the desired location by focusing an energy flow proximate to the mask. The energy flow may be obtained by radiation from laser, x-ray, or electrical discharge sources
Shielding incident gamma radiation for nuclear power generation by receiving gamma radiation in region of heavy electrons to absorb energy from gamma radiation, and re-radiating gamma radiation as photons at lower energy and frequency
Enforcement region WO Patent Published 2005-09-09 Inventor LARSEN L G; WIDOM A Assignee LARSEN L G (LARS-I); LATTICE ENERGY LLC (LATT-N); WIDOM A (WIDO-I) Patent number WO 2007030740 A2 Abstract
Gamma radiation is shielded by producing a region of heavy electrons and receiving incident gamma radiation in such region. The heavy electrons absorb energy from the gamma radiation and re-radiate it as photons at a lower energy and frequency. The heavy electrons may be produced in surface plasmon polaritons. Multiple regions of collectively oscillating protons or deuterons with associated heavy electrons may be provided. Nanoparticles of a target material on a metallic surface capable of supporting surface plasmons may be provided. The region of heavy electrons is associated with that metallic surface. The method induces a breakdown in a Born-Oppenheimer approximation. Apparatus and method are described
Shielding incident gamma radiation for nuclear power generation by receiving gamma radiation in region of heavy electrons to absorb energy from gamma radiation, and re-radiating gamma radiation as photons at lower energy and frequency
Enforcement region WO Patent Published 2005-09-09 Inventor LARSEN L G; WIDOM A Assignee LARSEN L G (LARS-I); LATTICE ENERGY LLC (LATT-N); WIDOM A (WIDO-I) Patent number WO 2007030740 A2 Abstract
Gamma radiation is shielded by producing a region of heavy electrons and receiving incident gamma radiation in such region. The heavy electrons absorb energy from the gamma radiation and re-radiate it as photons at a lower energy and frequency. The heavy electrons may be produced in surface plasmon polaritons. Multiple regions of collectively oscillating protons or deuterons with associated heavy electrons may be provided. Nanoparticles of a target material on a metallic surface capable of supporting surface plasmons may be provided. The region of heavy electrons is associated with that metallic surface. The method induces a breakdown in a Born-Oppenheimer approximation. Apparatus and method are described.
Energy conversion involves stimulating a material containing molecular deuterium and/or molecular hydrogen-deuterium, to cause reactions in material, and removing energy generated by reactions, from material
Enforcement region WO Patent Published 2005-09-07 Inventor HAGELSTEIN P L; MCKUBRE M C H; MULLICAN K; TANZELLA F L; TREVITHICK M D Assignee SPINDLETOP CORP (SPIN-N) Patent number WO 2006055294 A2 Abstract
A method and apparatus are described which employ processing a host material (202) to cause molecular deuterium (D2) and / or molecular hydrogen deuterium (HD) to be present within the host material, and processing the host material to cause at least one of He- 4 and He-3 to be present within the host material. Stimulating the host material generates reactions, and energy is withdrawn from the host material
Energy conversion involves stimulating a material containing molecular deuterium and/or molecular hydrogen-deuterium, to cause reactions in material, and removing energy generated by reactions, from material
Enforcement region WO Patent Published 2005-09-07 Inventor HAGELSTEIN P L; MCKUBRE M C H; MULLICAN K; TANZELLA F L; TREVITHICK M D Assignee SPINDLETOP CORP (SPIN-N) Patent number WO 2006055294 A2 Abstract
A method and apparatus are described which employ processing a host material (202) to cause molecular deuterium (D2) and / or molecular hydrogen deuterium (HD) to be present within the host material, and processing the host material to cause at least one of He- 4 and He-3 to be present within the host material. Stimulating the host material generates reactions, and energy is withdrawn from the host material.
Method and apparatus for the controlled formation of cavitation bubbles using target bubbles
Enforcement region US Patent Published 2005-08-23 Inventor LeClair, Mark L. Assignee
Patent number US 6932914 Abstract
The present invention discloses a method and apparatus for the directed formation of a re-entrant micro-jet formed upon the collapse of a working cavitation bubble formed proximate to a work surface. A target bubble, formed between the work surface and the working cavitation bubble, is utilized to direct the re-entrant micro-jet to the work surface.
Electrode constructs, and related cells and methods
Enforcement region WO Patent Published 2005-07-26 Inventor Larsen, Lewis G. (Chicago, IL) Assignee Lattice Energy LLC (Chicago, IL) Patent number WO 2003083965 A2 Abstract
Described are preferred electrode structures which desirably include multiple thin conductive layers stably bonded to an electrode substrate through a bonding layer. Also described are preferred electrode structures which include reinforcing carbon layers, which include an embrittlement-sensitive material and a protective oxygen-free copper layer, and which include at least one thin metal layer including a bamboo grain pattern. Additional embodiments of the invention include electric cells incorporating such electrode structures, and methods for their operation
Apparatus for controlled formation of cavitation bubbles for nanofabrication operations, has energy source to generate energy flow in liquid to create cavitation bubble collapsed to form re-entrant micro-jet directed to work surface
Enforcement region US Patent Published 2005-07-05 Inventor LECLAIR M L Assignee LECLAIR M L (LECL-I) Patent number US 7517430 B1 Abstract
The present invention discloses a method and apparatus for the directed formation of a re-entrant micro-jet formed upon the collapse of a cavitation bubble formed proximate to a work surface placed in a fluid. A mask containing an orifice, placed between the work surface and the cavitation bubble, is utilized to direct the re-entrant micro-jet to the work surface. The cavitation bubble may be formed in the desired location by focusing an energy flow proximate to the mask. The energy flow may be obtained by radiation from laser, x-ray, or electrical discharge sources
Electrical and electromagnetic energy generation method for chemical industry, involves coupling vibrational motion generated by deuterium, to transducer
Enforcement region WO Patent Published 2005-05-26 Inventor HAGELSTEIN P L Assignee SPINDLETOP CORP (SPIN-N) Patent number WO 2006128182 A2 Abstract
A method and apparatus emply stimulating a material to cause reactions in the material, wherein the material comprises deuterium, and wherein the reactions generate vibrational motion of the material, coupling the vibrational motion to a transducer that generates energy from the vibrational motion of the material, and directing the energy to an electrical device
Energy conversion for observing nuclear reactions, involves stimulating molecular deuterium and hydrogen-deuterium content material, by external energy and extracting excitation energy from intermolecular reactions
Enforcement region WO Patent Published 2005-05-26 Inventor HAGELSTEIN P L, US; MCKUBRE M C H, US; TREVITHICK M D, US; TANZELLA F L, US; MULLICAN K, US Assignee SPINDLETOP CORP, US (SPIN-N) Patent number WO 2006128109 A2 Abstract
A method and apparatus are described which employ processing a host material to cause molecular deuterium (D2) and/or molecular hydrogen deuterium (HD) to be present within the host material, and processing the host material to cause at least one of He-4 and He-3 to be present within the host material. Stimulating the host material generates reactions, and energy is withdrawn from the host material
Material stimulating method, involves providing modulated energy to material for causing reactions in material, where material includes deuterium, and removing energy generated by reactions from material
Enforcement region WO Patent Published 2005-05-26 Inventor HAGELSTEIN P L; MCKUBRE M C H; TREVITHICK M D; TANZELLA F L; MULLICAN K Assignee SPINDLETOP CORP, US (SPIN-N) Patent number WO 2006128108 A2 Abstract
A method and apparatus employ stimulating a material with an excitation source that provides modulated energy to the material, thereby causing reactions in the material, wherein the material comprises deuterium, and wherein the excitation source comprises a device selected from the group consisting of an electromagnetic radiation source, an input transducer, an electrical power source, and a particle-beam source, and removing energy generated by the reactions from the material.
Neutron production in condensed matter system at moderate temperatures and pressures, useful for generating energy, by providing collectively oscillating protons and oscillating heavy electrons, and providing specific local electric field
Enforcement region WO Patent Published 2005-04-29 Inventor LARSEN L G; WIDOM A Assignee LARSEN L G (LARS-I); WIDOM A (WIDO-I) Patent number WO 2006119080 A2 Abstract
Method and apparatus for generating ultra-low momentum neutrons (‘ULMNs’) using surface plasmon polariton electrons 14, hydrogen isotopes 10, surfaces 20 of metallic substrate 12, collective many-body effects, and weak interactions in a controlled manner. The ULMNs can be used to trigger nuclear transmutation reactions and produce heat. One aspect of the present invention effectively provides a ‘transducer’ mechanism that permits controllable, low-energy, scalable condensed matter system at comparatively modest temperatures and pressures.
Bound-atomic and atomic-ionic electrons nature computing and rendering system solves Maxwell’s equations including charge, mass and current density of electrons, using constraint that bound electrons does not radiate under acceleration
Enforcement region WO Patent Published 2005-01-05 Inventor MILLS R L Assignee BLACK LIGHT POWER INC (BLAC-N); BLACKLIGHT POWER INC (BLAC-N); MILLS R L (MILL-I) Patent number WO 2005067678 A2 Abstract
A method and system of physically solving the charge, mass, and current density functions of atoms and atomic ions using Maxwell’s equations and computing and rendering the nature of bound using the solutions. The results can be displayed on visual or graphical media. The display can be static or dynamic such that electron spin and rotation motion can be displayed in an embodiment. The displayed information is useful to anticipate reactivity and physical properties. The insight into the nature of bound electrons can permit the solution and display of other atoms and atomic ions and provide utility to anticipate their reactivity and physical properties.
Hydrogen isotope fuel cell for producing heat from electric power, comprises two flat conductive catalytic plates positioned within interior volume and held parallel and spaced apart with flat dielectric plate between them
Enforcement region US Patent Published 2004-10-29 Inventor ENTENMANN C E; O’MALLEY J A; OMALLEY J A; PATTERSON J A; THOMPSON J A Assignee PATTERSON J A (PATT-I) Patent number US 20060093874 A1 Abstract
A hydrogen isotope fuel cell for converting electric power into heat. The cell includes a non-conductive housing formed of spaced, preferably glass outer plates sealed along common perimeters thereof to define a closed interior volume or chamber. At least two catalytic plates are held spaced apart in the interior volume, preferably separated by a dielectric plate. The catalytic plates are preferably formed of very thin palladium plate material. A gas passage in gas communication with the interior volume is connectable to a source of pressurized hydrogen (H.sub.2) or deuterium (D.sub.2) gas deliverable into said interior volume. A high voltage a.c. electric power source is connectable through a high voltage step-up transformer between each of the catalytic plates whereby, when a.c. electric current flows through the catalytic plates and across the dielectric plate, the interior volume, being filled with hydrogen or deuterium gas, heat is produced within the interior volume for external use
Laser used as light source for photolithography at short wavelengths, includes laser medium, cavity, and power source to form inverted population in specified energy level
Enforcement region WO Patent Published 2004-10-22 Inventor MILLS R; MILLS R L Assignee BLACKLIGHT POWER INC (BLAC-N); MILLS R (MILL-I); MILLS R L (MILL-I) Patent number US 7773656 Abstract
There is disclosed a laser comprising a laser medium comprising H.sub.2(1/p) where p is an integer and 1.ltoreq.p.ltoreq.137, a cavity comprising the laser medium, and a power source to form an inverted population in the energy level of H.sub.2(1/p). The power source may form excited vibration-rotational levels of H.sub.2(1/p) wherein lasing occurs with a stimulated transition from at least one vibration-rotational level to at least another lower-energy-level other than one with a significant Boltzmann population at the cell neutral-gas temperature, wherein the vibration-rotational levels of H.sub.2(1/p) comprise the inverted population.
Enriched macromolecular materials having temperature-independent high electrical conductivity and methods of making same
Enforcement region US Patent Published 2004-10-12 Inventor Grigorov, Leonid N. (San Rafael, CA); Shambrook, Kevin P. (Forestville, CA) Assignee Room Temperature Superconductors, Inc. (Sebastopol, CA) Patent number US 6,804,105 Abstract
A polymer material comprising channels whose temperature-independent conductivity exceeds 10.sup.6 S/cm is used to form conductive films. Conduction takes place through threads and channels passing through the film which is otherwise a dielectric. The film is produced by first depositing a macromolecular polymer substance on a substrate. During preparation, the substance is preferably in a viscous liquid state. Stable free electrons (polarons) are then created by ionizing the substance. This is assisted by exposure to UV radiation and the presence of strong polar groups in the polymer. Various enrichment techniques, such as applying a strong electric field, are then used to join the superpolarons together into conductive threads within the medium. To stabilize the positions of the threads, the medium then may be solidified, preferably by cooling it below its glass transition point or inducing cross-linking between the macromolecules. The film may be a membrane. Devices incorporating these films include electrical interposers, thermoelectric devices, thermally insulating electrical connectors, pressure switches, field emission devices and fault current limiters. The films can also be used to protect conductors from chemical corrosion without electrically insulating them. They also find application as electromagnetic shielding, reflectors, and polarizers
Palladium/boron alloy for purifying hydrogen includes two face centered cubic phases at room temperature having same crystal structure with different lattice parameters, which is free from hydrogen/hydride/intermetallic compounds
Enforcement region US Patent Published 2004-08-23 Inventor IMAM M A; MILES M H Assignee US SEC OF NAVY (USNA-C); IMAM M A (IMAM-I); MILES M H (MILE-I) Patent number US 20050230009 A1 Abstract
A palladium-boron composition and methods of making and using same are provided. In one aspect, the invention comprises an alloy comprising palladium and boron, the boron being in solid solution in the palladium and the alloy having a two-phase structure, wherein each phase of the two-phase structure has the same crystal structure as the other phase and has a different set of lattice parameters from the other phase such that the palladium is greatly hardened by the presence of the smaller phase crystals within the spaces between the larger phase crystals. The composition is carefully prepared by a process wherein palladium and an amount of boron sufficient to place the boron in solid solution, but insufficient to combine with the palladium, are placed together and repeatedly are melted, cooled and turned over until sufficiently mixed. The hardened composition can be used to create thinner membranes for hydrogen purification and improved electrodes for generation of heat energy, and other electrochemical processes
Hydrogen molecule chemical bond nature rendering and computing system, has output device communicates with computer and displays nature of chemical bond comprising functions of hydrogen-type molecules and molecular ions
Enforcement region WO Patent Published 2004-07-19 Inventor MILLS R L Assignee BLACKLIGHT POWER INC (BLAC-N); MILLS R L (MILL-I) Patent number WO 2005116630 A2 Abstract
A method and system of physically solving the charge, mass, and current density functions of excited-state atoms and atomic ions using Maxwell’s equations and computing and rendering the nature of excited-state electrons using the solutions. The results can be displayed on visual or graphical media. The display can be static or dynamic such that electron spin and rotation motion can be displayed in an embodiment. The displayed information is useful to anticipate reactivity and physical properties. The insight into the nature of excited-state electrons can permit the solution and display of those of other atoms and atomic ions and provide utility to anticipate their reactivity and physical properties as well as spectral absorption and emission to lead to new optical materials and light sources
Hydrogen molecule chemical bond nature rendering and computing system, has output device communicates with computer and displays nature of chemical bond comprising functions of hydrogen-type molecules and molecular ions
Enforcement region WO Patent Published 2004-07-19 Inventor MILLS R L Assignee BLACKLIGHT POWER INC (BLAC-N); MILLS R L (MILL-I) Patent number WO 2005116630 A2 Abstract
A method and system of physically solving the charge, mass, and current density functions of excited-state atoms and atomic ions using Maxwell’s equations and computing and rendering the nature of excited-state electrons using the solutions. The results can be displayed on visual or graphical media. The display can be static or dynamic such that electron spin and rotation motion can be displayed in an embodiment. The displayed information is useful to anticipate reactivity and physical properties. The insight into the nature of excited-state electrons can permit the solution and display of those of other atoms and atomic ions and provide utility to anticipate their reactivity and physical properties as well as spectral absorption and emission to lead to new optical materials and light sources.
Ferroelectric crystal generator for producing beam of ions or electrons used for e.g. detectors or microscopes, comprises crystal having beam generating surface, electrode comprising beam directing tip, and temperature control element
Enforcement region WO Patent Published 2004-05-19 Inventor GIMZEWSKI J K; NARANJO B B; PUTTERMAN S Assignee UNIV CALIFORNIA (REGC-C) Patent number WO 2006060030 A2 Abstract
Ferroelectric, pvroelectric and piezoelectric crystals (12) are used to generate spatially localized high energy (up to and exceeding 100 keV) electron and ion beams, which may be used in a wide variety of applications including pulsed neutron generation, therapeutic X-ray/electron devices, elemental analysis, local scanning chemical analysis, high energy scanning microscopy, point source compact transmission electron microscopy, compact ion beam sources, positron sources, micro-thrusters for ion engines, and improved fusion efficiency especially of the Farnsworth type. The high-energy emission can be created by simply heating (16) the material (12) or by application of external coercive electromagnetic and acoustic fields
Plasma reactor used to generate power, hydrogen species and compositions comprising new forms of hydrogen, plasma and source of light, e.g. high energy light, comprises plasma forming energy cell, and source of intermittent or pulsed power
Enforcement region US Patent Published 2004-04-08 Inventor MILLS R; MILLS R L Assignee BLACK LIGHT POWER INC (BLAC-N); BLACKLIGHT POWER INC (BLAC-N); MILLS R L (MILL-I) Patent number US 20060233699 A1 Abstract
This invention relates to a reactor to generate power, plasma, light, and novel hydrogen compounds by the catalysis of atomic hydrogen. The power balance is optimized by maximizing the output power from the hydrogen catalysis reaction while minimizing the input power by controlling the parameters of the input power to initiate or at least partially maintain the plasma such as the power density, pulse frequency, duty cycle, and peak and offset electric fields.
Heat generation and manufacture of helium, e.g. for welding, involves forming partial condensed component of ultra-high density deuterium, supplying energy to obtained deuterated nanoparticles and inducing fusion reaction
Enforcement region JP Patent Published 2004-03-19 Inventor
Assignee ZH OOSAKA SANGYO SHINKO KIKO (OOSA-N) Patent number JP 2004085519 A Abstract
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method and a device for creating a large quantity of heating and helium by nuclear fusion reaction using a super-high density deuterated nanoparticle. ; SOLUTION: Deuterium is solid-dissolved into an ultramicro metal nanoparticle, and a deuterium aggregate is formed to obtain the super-high density deuterated nanoparticle having 200% or more of atomic ratio(deuterium/metal), energy is imparted thereafter to the particle and/or the deuterium aggregate, and the nuclear fusion reaction is set up to create the large quantity of heating and the helium. ; COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO
(Hydrogenated) diamond carbide, (hydrogenated) diamond-like carbon producing reactor for making hydrogen species and/or composition of matter has plasma forming cell, catalyst source, atomic hydrogen source, and carbon source
Enforcement region US Patent Published 2003-04-30 Inventor MILLS R L Assignee BLACKLIGHT POWER INC, US (BLAC-N); MILLS R L, US (MILL-I) Patent number US 20050202173 A1 Abstract
The present invention relates to a cell, system, and methods to form diamond from carbon in a plasma formed or assisted by the catalysis of atomic hydrogen to lower energy states.
Production of single crystalline layers with different lattice structures on one plane of layer sequence for transistor comprises treating sequence so that only one region of first epitaxial layer after treating above defect region relaxes
Enforcement region WO Patent Published 2003-04-22 Inventor HOLLAENDER B; HOLLANDER B; MANTL S; MILLS R L; ZHAO Q; ZHAO Q T Assignee FORSCHUNGSZENTRUM JUELICH GMBH (KERJ-C); BLACKLIGHT POWER INC (BLAC-N); HOLLANDER B (HOLL-I); MANTL S (MANT-I); ZHAO Q (ZHAO-I) Patent number WO 2003092058 A2 Abstract
The invention relates to a method for producing one or more monocrystalline layers, each with a different lattice structure, on one plane, for an electronic component, in order to produce a system on a chip. The invention also relates to a component containing one or more layers of this type, such as MOSFETs, MODFETs, resonant tunnel diodes and/or photodetectors.
Free electron concentration increasing method in polymer material, involves supplying high voltage to electrode placed near center of viscous medium, to draw free electrons towards tip
Enforcement region US Patent Published 2003-02-18 Inventor GRIGOROV L N, US; SHAMBROOK K P, US Assignee GRIGOROV L N (GRIG-I); SHAMBROOK K P (SHAM-I); ROOM TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS INC, US (ROOM-N) Patent number US 20030156375 A1 Abstract
A polymer material comprising channels whose temperature-independent conductivity exceeds 10.sup.6 S/cm is used to form conductive films. Conduction takes place through threads and channels passing through the film which is otherwise a dielectric. The film is produced by first depositing a macromolecular polymer substance on a substrate. During preparation, the substance is preferably in a viscous liquid state. Stable free electrons (polarons) are then created by ionizing the substance. This is assisted by exposure to UV radiation and the presence of strong polar groups in the polymer. Various enrichment techniques, such as applying a strong electric field, are then used to join the superpolarons together into conductive threads within the medium. To stabilize the positions of the threads, the medium then may be solidified, preferably by cooling it below its glass transition point or inducing cross-linking between the macromolecules. The film may be a membrane. Devices incorporating these films include electrical interposers, thermoelectric devices, thermally insulating electrical connectors, pressure switches, field emission devices and fault current limiters. The films can also be used to protect conductors from chemical corrosion without electrically insulating them. They also find application as electromagnetic shielding, reflectors, and polarizers.
Plasma used to produced laser comprises in situ inverted hydrogen population
Enforcement region US Patent Published 2002-11-08 Inventor MILLS R L Assignee BLACKLIGHT POWER INC (BLAC-N); MILLS R L (MILL-I) Patent number US 20040247522 A1 Abstract
Provided is an inverted population of hydrogen, formed from a novel catalytic reaction of hydrogen atoms to form lower-energy hydrogen. The inverted population of hydrogen is capable of lasing. The power may be utilized as laser light or the light due to stimulated or spontaneous emission may be converted to electricity with a photon-to-electric converter such as a photovoltaic cell
Heat generating method, used in fields of energy, material, coolant engineering and aviation, uses heat generated by condensed product of hydrogen comprising metal nano-ultra fine particles containing multiple metals
Enforcement region WO Patent Published 2002-10-11 Inventor ARATA, Y Assignee OSAKA IND PROMOTION ORG, JP (OSAI-N); ARATA Y, JP (ARAT-I) Patent number WO 2004034406 A1 Abstract
A method of generating heat by the use of hydrogen condensate. The hydrogen condensate comprises multiple metal atoms contained in metal nano-superfine particles and multiple hydrogen isotope atoms disposed in the form of solid solution among the multiple metal atoms. At least two hydrogen isotope atoms of the multiple hydrogen isotope atoms are aggregated so that the internuclear distance of two hydrogen isotope atoms is not greater than the internuclear spacing of molecule consisting of two hydrogen isotope atoms. The method of generating heat comprises the step of energizing a hydrogen condensate and the step of, with energy, reacting the at least two hydrogen isotope atoms with each other to thereby generate heat
Increasing multiple occupancy of hydrogen isotopes in host lattice to make vacancy-enhanced metal used as hydrogen storage element, comprises creating vacancies within host lattice structure, and stimulating structure to create reactions
Enforcement region WO Patent Published 2002-05-18 Inventor HAGELSTEIN P, US; MCKUBRE M C H, US; TANZELLA F L, US; TREVITHICK M D, US; MULLICAN K, US; HAGELSTEIN P L, US; MCKUBRE M D H Assignee HAGELSTEIN P, US (HAGE-I); MCKUBRE M C H, US (MCKU-I); TANZELLA F L, US (TANZ-I); TREVITHICK M D, US (TREV-I); MULLICAN K, US (MULL-I); SPINDLETOP CORP,; US (SPIN-N); MCKURBRE M D H, US (MCKU-I) Patent number WO 2004044923 A2 Abstract
A device, system and method for increasing double occupancy of hydrogen isotopes in the presence of helium in a host lattice. A vacancy-stabilized metal hydride phase suitable for use as a hydrogen storage element is achieved. A metal lattice host structure is selected and loaded with hydrogen or deuterium atoms. The host lattice is then sealed to prevent the egress of hydrogen, deuterium and helium atoms. The host lattice is then stimulated to produce vacancies. Upon creation of the vacancies within the host lattice, the loaded hydrogen or deuterium atoms enter the vacancies to produce an improved host lattice
Electrode, for electrical cell, for electrolysis of electrolytes, e.g. water, comprises multilayer working electrode having first and/or second conductive metal(s)
Enforcement region WO Patent Published 2002-03-26 Inventor LARSEN L G Assignee LARSEN L G (LARS-I); LATTICE ENERGY LLC (LATT-N) Patent number WO 2003083965 A2 Abstract
Articles of manufacture useful as electrode structures (10) which include multiple thin conductive layers (13) stably bonded to an electrode substrate (11) through a bonding layer (12), and reinforcing carbon layers which include an embrittlement-sensitive material (12b, 12c) and a protective oxygen-free copper layer (12d) and with at least one thin metal layer (13a -13c) having a bamboo grain structure are described. Additional embodiments of the invention include electric or other reaction cells incorporating such electrode structures and methods for their operation.
Microwave power cell comprises source of hydrogen atoms in communication with vessel and source of catalyst for catalyzing reaction of hydrogen atoms to lower-energy states
Enforcement region WO Patent Published 2002-03-07 Inventor MILLS R L Assignee BLACK LIGHT POWER INC (BLAC-N); BLACKLIGHT POWER INC (BLAC-N); MILLS R L (MILL-I) Patent number WO 2002088020 A2 Abstract
(a) A method of operating a cell for producing a plasma comprising providing a source of hydrogen atoms and a source of catalyst for catalyzing a reaction of hydrogen atoms to lower-energy states; and applying microwaves to the source atoms and catalyst to initiate a reaction between the hydrogen atoms and catalyst to form lower-energy hydrogen and produce a plasma;and
Cell for generating electricity and plasma, has reaction vessel, source of hydrogen atoms, source of catalyst and source of microwave power
Enforcement region WO Patent Published 2002-03-07 Inventor MILLS R; MILLS R L Assignee BLACK LIGHT POWER INC (BLAC-N); BLACKLIGHT POWER INC (BLAC-N); MILLS R (MILL-I); MILLS R L (MILL-I) Patent number WO 2002087291 A2 Abstract
Provided is a power source and/or power converter. The power source includes a cell 910 for the catalysis of atomic hydrogen to form novel hydrogen species and/or compositions of matter comprisi ng new forms of hydrogen. The reaction can be initiated and/or maintained by a microwave or glow discharge plasma of hydrogen and a source of catalyst. The plasma power may be converted to electricity by a magnetohydrodynamic power converter 913 or a plasmadynamic power converter.
Cavitation bubbles forming method for nanofabrication operations, involves generating cavitation bubble proximate to aperture of mask and directing re-entrant micro-jet formed during collapse of bubble to work surface
Enforcement region WO Patent Published 2002-01-18 Inventor LECLAIR M L; MARK L Assignee LECLAIR M L (LECL-I); NANOSPIRE INC (NANO-N) Patent number US 20030139041 A1 Abstract
The present invention discloses a method and apparatus for the directed formation of a re-entrant micro-jet formed upon the collapse of a cavitation bubble formed proximate to a work surface placed in a fluid. A mask containing an orifice, placed between the work surface and the cavitation bubble, is utilized to direct the re-entrant micro-jet to the work surface. The cavitation bubble may be formed in the desired location by focusing an energy flow proximate to the mask. The energy flow may be obtained by radiation from laser, x-ray, or electrical discharge sources
Re-entrant micro-jet directed formation method for use in nanofabrication operation, involves generating working cavitation bubble in fluid proximate to work surface by source, and generating target cavitation bubble in fluid
Enforcement region US Patent Published 2002-01-18 Inventor LECLAIR M L Assignee LECLAIR M L (LECL-I) Patent number US 7297288 B1 Abstract
The present invention discloses a method and apparatus for the directed formation of a re-entrant micro-jet formed upon the collapse of a working cavitation bubble formed proximate to a work surface. A target bubble, formed between the work surface and the working cavitation bubble, is utilized to direct the re-entrant micro-jet to the work surface
Micro-jet re-entrant directed formation method for nanometer scales, involves generating target bubble between work surface and cavitation bubble such that bubble influences direction of re-entrant micro-jet
Enforcement region US Patent Published 2002-01-18 Inventor LECLAIR M L Assignee LECLAIR M L (LECL-I) Patent number US 20030136756 A1 Abstract
The present invention discloses a method and apparatus for the directed formation of a re-entrant micro-jet formed upon the collapse of a working cavitation bubble formed proximate to a work surface. A target bubble, formed between the work surface and the working cavitation bubble, is utilized to direct the re-entrant micro-jet to the work surface
Gate structure for semiconductor device, comprises gate oxide on substrate, conductive gate, silicide layer, and etch cap on silicide gate top surface to protect the gate during self-aligned contact etch
Enforcement region WO Patent Published 2001-03-22 Inventor MILLS R L Assignee BLACKLIGHT POWER INC (BLAC-N) Patent number WO 2001070627 A2 Abstract
A catalytic reaction of atomic hydrogen is provided which produces a more stable or lower energy atomic hydrogen atom than uncatalyzed atomic hydrogen. The catalyzed lower energy hydrogen atom may serve as a reactant of a disproportionation reaction whereby it which accepts energy from a second catalyzed lower energy hydrogen atom to cause a further release of energy as the first atom undergoes a nonradiative electronic transition to a higher energy level while the second undergoes a transition to a lower energy level. The catalytic reaction and disproportionation reaction of lower energy atomic hydrogen may produce light, plasma, power, and novel hydrogen compounds. The light, plasma, power and compound source comprises a cell for the catalysis of atomic hydrogen and disproportionation reactions of lower energy atomic hydrogen to form novel hydrogen species and compositions of matter comprising hydrogen that is more stable or lower energy than uncatalyzed hydrogen. The compounds comprise at least one neutral, positive, or negative hydrogen species having a binding energy greater than its corresponding ordinary hydrogen species, or greater than any hydrogen species for which the corresponding ordinary hydrogen species is unstable or is not observed.
Electrode device used in electrolysis of electrolytes, e.g. water, comprises anode comprising metal layers, and cathode
Enforcement region WO Patent Published 2001-02-09 Inventor MILEY G H Assignee LATIS ENERGY CO LTD (LATI-N); LATTICE ENERGY LLC (LATT-N); MILEY G H (MILE-I) Patent number WO 2001063010 A1 Abstract
Preferred electrode devices (10) including a substrate (11) and cathode (13) and anode material (12) coated thereon in discreet locations are described. The cathode materials desirably include multiple layers of thin metal films (14). Preferred cell devices including conductive elements and a solid state source of charged ions for migration into and through the conductive elements are also described.
Power source, power converter, radio generator or microwave generator comprises energy cell, applied magnetic field, and antenna
Enforcement region WO Patent Published 2000-09-08 Inventor MILLS R L Assignee BLACKLIGHT POWER INC (BLAC-N) Patent number WO 2001022472 A2 Abstract
A catalytic reaction of atomic hydrogen is provided which produces a more stable or lower energy atomic hydrogen atom than uncatalyzed atomic hydrogen. The catalyzed lower energy hydrogen atom may serve as a reactant of a disproportionation reaction whereby it which accepts energy from a second catalyzed lower energy hydrogen atom to cause a further release of energy as the first atom undergoes a nonradiative electronic transition to a higher energy level while the second undergoes a transition to a lower energy level. The catalytic reaction and disproportionation reaction of lower energy atomic hydrogen may produce light, plasma, power, and novel hydrogen compounds. The light, plasma, power and compound source comprises a cell for the catalysis of atomic hydrogen and disproportionation reactions of lower energy atomic hydrogen to form novel hydrogen species and compositions of matter comprising hydrogen that is more stable or lower energy than uncatalyzed hydrogen. The compounds comprise at least one neutral, positive, or negative hydrogen species having a binding energy greater than its corresponding ordinary hydrogen species, or greater than any hydrogen species for which the corresponding ordinary hydrogen species is unstable or is not observed.
Power generation system generates plasma by catalytic reaction of atomic hydrogen and has an antenna to receive power fro the generated plasma
Enforcement region WO Patent Published 2000-09-08 Inventor MILLS A L; MILLS R L; MILLSRANDELL L Assignee BLACK LIGHT POWER INC (BLAC-N); BLACKLIGHT POWER INC (BLAC-N); MILLS R L (MILL-I) Patent number WO 2001021300 A2 Abstract
A power source, power converter, and a radio and microwave generator are provided. The power source comprises a cell for the catalysis of atomic hydrogen to release power and to form novel hydrogen species and compositions of matter comprising new forms of hydrogen. The compounds comprise at least one neutral, positive, or negative hydrogen species having a binding energy greater than its corresponding ordinary hydrogen species, or greater than any hydrogen species for which the corresponding ordinary hydrogen species is unstable or is not observed. The energy released by the catalysis of hydrogen produces a plasma in the cell such as a plasma of the catalyst and hydrogen. The power converter and radio and microwave generator comprises a source of magnetic field which is applied to the cell. The electrons and ions of the plasma orbit in a circular path in a plane transverse to the applied magnetic field for sufficient field strength at an ion cyclotron frequency $g(v)?c? that is independent of the velocity of the ion. The ions emit electromagnetic radiation with a maximum intensity at the cyclotron frequency. The power in the cell is converted to coherent electromagnetic radiation. A preferred generator of coherent microwaves is a gyrotron. The electromagnetic radiation such as microwaves emitted from the ions is received by at least one resonant receiving antenna of the power converter and delivered to an electrical load such as a resistive load or radiated as a source of radio of microwaves. The radio or microwave signal may be modulated during broadcasting by controlling the plasma intensity as a function of time or by controlling the signal electronically.
Inorganic hydrogen and hydrogen polymer compounds useful in a wide range of applications including isotopic purification, electrochemical applications and synthetic processing and refining methods
Enforcement region WO Patent Published 1999-07-29 Inventor MILLS R L Assignee BLACKLIGHT POWER INC (BLAC-N); MILLS R (MILL-I); MILLS R L (MILL-I) Patent number WO 2000007931 A2 Abstract
Compounds are provided comprising at least one neutral, positive, or negative hydrogen species having a binding energy greater than its corresponding ordinary hydrogen species, or greater than any hydrogen species for which the corresponding ordinary hydrogen species is unstable or is not observed. Compounds comprise at least one increased binding energy hydrogen species and at least one other atom, molecule, or ion other than an increased binding energy hydrogen species. One group of such compounds contains one or more increased binding energy hydrogen species selected from the group consisting of Hn, Hn-, and Hn-, where n is a positive integer, with the proviso that n is greater than 1 when H has a positive charge. Another group of such compounds may have the formula [MHmM'X)]n wherein m and n are each an integer, M and M’ are each an alkali or alkaline earth cation, X is a singly or doubly negative charged anion, and the hydrogen content Hm of the compound comprises at least one increased binding energy hydrogen species. Methods of forming the compounds and numerous applications are disclosed.
Hydrogen catalysis power cell for energy conversion systems
Enforcement region WO Patent Published 1998-10-28 Inventor GOOD W R; KENDALL J M; MILLS R L Assignee BLACK LIGHT POWER INC (BLAC-N); BLACKLIGHT POWER INC (BLAC-N) Patent number WO 1999035698 A2 Abstract
An energy conversion system is provided for generating heat based on hydrogen catalysis and for transferring the generated heat to a working fluid and utilizing the heat or converting it to mechanical or electrical energy. The energy conversion system comprises a hydrogen catalysis power cell, the power cell comprising a heat transfer assembly having at least one reaction chamber containing the means to dissociate molecular hydrogen gas to atomic hydrogen and a delivery assembly connected in fluid communication to the reaction chamber for delivering hydrogen gas and vaporous catalyst for hydrogen catalysis. The delivery assembly comprises a catalyst vessel for generating the vaporous catalyst, a source of hydrogen gas, and a semi-permeable membrane assembly connected in fluid communication with the hydrogen gas source and the heat transfer assembly. The power cell further comprises means for regulating the temperature of the catalyst vessel and means for regulating the temperature surrounding the semi-permeable membrane. An energy conversion system is also provided having a hydrogen catalysis power cell as described herein, a working fluid for receiving the heat released from hydrogen catalysis, means for converting the heat in the working fluid to mechanical or electrical energy, and preferably means to balance the heat removed by the working fluid with the energy produced by hydrogen catalysis.
Inorganic hydrogen compounds formed from a hydrino hydride ion – by reacting a hydrino hydride ion of binding energy greater than 0.8 eV with a cation to form a wide range of novel compounds including dopants, components for cells and batteries etc
Enforcement region WO Patent Published 1998-07-07 Inventor MILLS R L Assignee BLACK LIGHT POWER INC (BLAC-N); BLACKLIGHT POWER INC (BLAC-N) Patent number WO 1999005735 A1 Abstract
Compounds are provided comprising at least one neutral, positive, or negative hydrogen species having a greater binding energy than its corresponding ordinary hydrogen species, or greater than any hydrogen species for which the binding energy is unstable or not observed. The compounds also comprise at least one other atom, molecule, or ion other than the increased binding energy hydrogen species. One group of such compounds contains an increased binding energy hydrogen species selected from the group consisting of Hn, Hn- and Hn+, where n is an integer from one to three. Applications of the compounds include their use in batteries, fuel cells, cutting materials, thermionic cathodes, optical filters, fiber optic cables, magnets, etching agents, dopants in semiconductor fabrication, propellants and methods of purifying isotopes.
Materials having high electrical conductivity at room teperatures and methods for making same
Enforcement region US Patent Published 1998-07-07 Inventor Grigorov, Leonid N.; Shambrook, Kevin P. Assignee Room Temperature Superconductors Inc. (Seba Patent number WO 1997028107 A1 Abstract
A method is disclosed for producing a polymer material whose room temperature conductivity exceeds 10?6? S/cm. In a preferred embodiment the material is produced in the form of a film having thickness less than 100 $g(m)m. Conduction takes place through threads passing through the film which is otherwise a dielectric. The film is produced by first depositing a macromolecular polymer substance on a substrate. During preparation, the substance must be in a viscose liquid state. Stable free electrons (polarons) are then created by ionizing the substance. This is assisted by exposure to UV radiation and the presence of strong polar groups in the polymer. Various techniques, such as applying a strong electric field, are then used to join the polarons together into conducting threads within the medium. To stabilize the conductivity, the medium is then solidified by cooling it below its glassing point or inducing cross-linking between the macromolecules.
Cell for releasing energy from hydrogen@ atoms – by using a gaseous catalyst to cause a shrinkage transition causing the electrons to relax to energy levels lower than the ground state.
Enforcement region WO Patent Published 1996-05-31 Inventor GOOD W R; MILLS R L; PHILLIPS J; POPOV A I Assignee BLACK LIGHT POWER INC (BLAC-N); BLACKLIGHT POWER INC (BLAC-N); HYDROCATALYSIS POWER CORP (HYDR-N) Patent number WO 1996042085 A2 Abstract
Methods and apparatus for releasing energy from hydrogen atoms (molecules) by stimulating their electrons to relax to quantized lower energy levels and smaller radii (smaller semimajor and semiminor axes) than the ‘ground state’ by providing energy sinks or means to remove energy resonant with the hydrogen energy released to stimulate these transitions. An energy sink, energy hole, can be provided by the transfer of at least one electron between participating species including atoms, ions, molecules, and ionic and molecular compounds. In one embodiment, the energy hole comprises the transfer of t electrons from one or more donating species to one or more accepting species whereby the sum of the ionization energies and/or electron affinities of the electron donating species minus the sum of the ionization energies and/or electron affinities of the electron accepting species equals approximately $i(mX)27.21 $i(eV) ($i(mX)48.6 $i(eV)) for atomic (molecular) hydrogen below ‘ground state’ transitions where m and t are integers. The present invention further comprises a hydrogen spillover catalyst, a multifunctionality material having a functionality which dissociates molecular hydrogen to provide free hydrogen atoms which spill over to a functionality which supports mobile free hydrogen atoms and a functionality which can be a source of the energy holes. The energy reactor includes one of an electrolytic cell, a pressurized hydrogen gas cell, and a hydrogen gas discharge cell. A preferred pressurized hydrogen gas energy reactor comprises a vessel; a source of hydrogen; a means to control the pressure and flow of hydrogen into the vessel; a material to dissociate the molecular hydrogen into atomic hydrogen, and a material which can be a source of energy holes in the gas phase. The gaseous source of energy holes includes those that sublime, boil, and/or are volatile at the elevated operating temperature of the gas energy reactor wherein the exothermic reaction of electronic transitions of hydrogen to lower energy states occurs in the gas phase.
Highly electrically conductive polymer material – produced as a thin film, having stable and very high conductivity at room temperature
Enforcement region WO Patent Published 1996-02-01 Inventor GRIGOROV L N; SHAMBROOK K P Assignee GRIGOROV L N (GRIG-I); ROOM TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS INC (ROOM-N); SHAMBROOK K P (SHAM-I) Patent number WO 1997028107 A1 Abstract
A method is disclosed for producing a polymer material whose room temperature conductivity exceeds 10?6? S/cm. In a preferred embodiment the material is produced in the form of a film having thickness less than 100 $g(m)m. Conduction takes place through threads passing through the film which is otherwise a dielectric. The film is produced by first depositing a macromolecular polymer substance on a substrate. During preparation, the substance must be in a viscose liquid state. Stable free electrons (polarons) are then created by ionizing the substance. This is assisted by exposure to UV radiation and the presence of strong polar groups in the polymer. Various techniques, such as applying a strong electric field, are then used to join the polarons together into conducting threads within the medium. To stabilize the conductivity, the medium is then solidified by cooling it below its glassing point or inducing cross-linking between the macromolecules.
Heat generating appts. comprising container packed with palladium@ powder – having attached electrodes for immersion in bath contg. heavy water soln of heavy lithium hydroxide with generation of heavy hydrogen@ by electrolysis
Enforcement region WO Patent Published 1995-12-28 Inventor ARATA Y; ZHANG Y C Assignee ARATA Y (ARAT-I) Patent number WO 1995035574 A1 Abstract
Super-fine powder (2) of palladium is packed in a pressure resisting vacuum container (1) made of palladium, the container (1) is then vacuum sealed with a cover (1a) made of palladium, and a lead wire (3a) to serve as a cathode (4) is provided. A cylindrical platium anode (7) is provided around the cathode (4). These parts are installed in a liquid bath (5) filled with a heavy water solution (6) containing heavy lithium hydroxide LiOD. The liquid bath (5) is installed in a proper temperature retaining means (8) and a cooling water coil (9) for taking out generated heat energy is provided between the anode (7) and cathode (4). An electric current is passed between the cathode (4) and anode (7) to carry out electrolysis and generate heavy hydrogen, which is transmitted to the palladium super-fine powder (2) through the inner wall of the pressure-proof vaccum container (1). At the same time, the palladium super-fine powder (2) is saturated with under a high pressure of the heavy hydrogen accumulated in the inner space of the container to generate abnormal reaction heat with a high efficiency
Glow discharge appts. for experimenting and testing cold fusion – uses anode and fusion lattice metal cathode in sealed chamber in gas canister
Enforcement region WO Patent Published 1995-05-11 Inventor MARSHALL J Assignee ENECO INC (ENEC-N)
Patent number WO 1995012883 A1 Abstract
A method and apparatus for experimenting and testing cold fusion or other solid state nuclear reaction processes by means of achieving high pressures of solubilized light fusion elements in solid metal lattices from the gas phase. The apparatus uses an anode (70) and cathode (50) positioned in a chamber (12) receptive of the fusion element gases to produce controlled conditions compatible with postulated cold fusion for laboratory and reactor purposes. Two electrode (40) embodiments are disclosed for use in a glow discharge mode of operation. The electrodes (40) are thoroughly scrubbed of impurities by heating and sputtering prior to experimenting on cold fusion processes. The results of cold fusion experimentation are then monitored and controlled.
Appts. for long term, continuous energy prodn. from a gas plasma cell – provides for cleaning of contaminants from the cathode surface
Enforcement region WO Patent Published 1995-03-02 Inventor KUCHEROV Y R; KARABUT A B; SAVVATIMOVA I B Assignee ENECO INC (ENEC-N); LUCH SCI IND ASSOC (LUCH-S); KUCHEROV Y R (KUCH-I); KARABUT A B (KARA-I); SAVVATIMOVA I B (SAVV-I) Patent number WO 1995006317 A1 Abstract
Method and apparatus for continuous operation of a heat producing electrical cell (20) disposed in a hermetic chamber (202). The method comprises an initializing step during which an anode-facing surface (250) of a hydrideable metal cathode (130) is structurally modified by ion bombardment preferably from a cell (20) atmosphere filled with purified hydrogen. After the initializing step, the cell (20) is evacuated and filled with a second gas for continuous heat producing operation. The second gas is preferably deuterium. To augment continuous operation, a cleaning vapor is added to the second gas. The cleaning vapor is added in sufficiently high concentration to clean the anode-facing surface (250) of the cathode (130) as the cell (20) operates but in sufficiently low concentration to not deleteriously affect cell (20) operation which inherently rehydrides the anode-facing surface (250). The apparatus comprises a cell (20) enclosure which provides a practically contamination free environment for anode (120) to cathode cell (20) discharge operation.
Long term continuous energy prodn. – using electrical gas discharge cells and isotopic hydrogen source
Enforcement region WO Patent Published 1995-02-01 Inventor KUCHEROV Y R; KALANDARICHVILI A G Assignee ENECO INC (ENEC-N) Patent number WO 1995021447 A1 Abstract
Method and apparatus for continuous operation of an energy generating electrical cell disposed in a hermetic chamber. The method comprises an embodiment wherein a getter is used to maintain a gas atmosphere clean of oxygen and water vapor while not forming a hydride. The getter function may be provided by an anode (540) or apparatus which is separate from the anode. The getter is maintained and operated at a temperature at which oxygen and water vapor is absorbed and at which no hydrides are formed within the getter.
ENERGY GENERATION AND GENERATOR BY MEANS OF ANHARMONIC STIMULATED FUSION
Enforcement region WIPO Application 1995-01-27 Inventor Piantelli, Francesco Assignee UNIVERSITA’ DEGLI STUDI DI SIENA Patent number PCT/IT1995/000008 Abstract
A process of energy generation and an energy generator by means of anharmonic stimulate fusion of hydrogen isotopes absorbed on metal comprising a charging step on a metallic core (1) of a quantity of hydrogen isotopes H and D; a heating step in which said core (1) is heated (9) to reach a temperature higher than Debye’s temperature of the material composing the core; a startup step wherein a vibrational stress is produced with a rise time less than 0.1 seconds which activates a nuclear fusion of said hydrogen isotopes; a stationary step during which it is exchanged (3,5) the heat produced by the H+D nuclear fusion reaction which occurs in the core (1) because of a steady keeping of a coherent multimodal system of stationary oscillations
Tritium-contg. cpd. or waste treatment device
Enforcement region FR patent Published 1995-01-11 Inventor FABRICE DAVID Assignee FABRICE DAVID Patent number FR2729249 (A1) Abstract
A device for treating tritiated cpds. or tritiated waste consists of pressurised columns or vessels filled with a mixt. of: (a) a proton conductor powder, e.g, palladium, titanium, beryl (Be3Al2Si6O18) or mercury antimonate (HgSbO2); and (b) a p-type semiconductor powder, e.g silicon, germanium, copper sulphide, gallium arsenide, lead sulphide, zinc oxide, copper oxide, lead oxides, palladium sulphide or selenium, opt. in doped form. The powders (a) and (b) are distributed according to two inversely varying concn. gradients and are connectable at both ends of the filling to an electric power source, the gas to be treated being passed through the filling. Also claimed is a process for prepn. of tritiated waste for treatment in the above device.
Ultrahigh pressure gas prodn. for active gas e.g. hydrogen@ stable prepn. – by using fixed airtight container with electric field, absorbing and dissolving vapour element, increasing concn. and solid vapour equilibrium reacting
Enforcement region US Patent Published 1994-12-27 Inventor ARATA Y, JP Assignee ARATA Y, JP (ARAT-I) Patent number US 5647970 A Abstract
A method of producing ultrahigh pressure gas statically and stably without using a dynamic driving unit such as a pump. A container formed with a closed space is made of a palladium, which is a metal having a high permeability to hydrogen and deuterium. A solution present around the container is electrolyzed by producing an electric field between the container which serves as a cathode and an anode. The gas element produced by electrolysis penetrates into the container body, so that the hydrogen/deuterium ion concentration in the container increases. This solid-air equilibrium reaction is carried out until the ion concentration increases to a level at which the pressure in the closed space reaches a predetermined ultrahigh level. Thus, an ultrahigh pressure gas is produced in the closed space of the container.
Heat generation appts. for testing the cold fusion phenomenon – under conditions where the host metal cathode is subjected to a temperature gradient
Enforcement region WO Patent Published 1994-12-08 Inventor ASPDEN H Assignee ENECO INC (ENEC-N) Patent number WO 1994028197 A2 Abstract
In order to research the generation of heat by promoting the fusion of protons or deuterons adsorbeb by a host metal, the apparatus provides a structural configuration by which the direction of heat flow through the metal is transverse to the direction of an applied magnetic field. Thermal priming means, which may include pre-cooling on the heat output side or electrical heating of the host metal, provide the initial temperature gradient triggering fusion. Alternating current activation of the magnetic field, the intensity of which may be enhanced by using nickel as the host metal, combined with a non-uniformity of the magnetic field and/or heat flow through the metal, assure the abnormal presence of a residual negative electron population in the metal. Such charge nucleates the merger of positive charge and enhances the fusion process.
ENERGY SOURCE SYSTEM AND PROCESS
Enforcement region WO Patent Published 1994-05-11 Inventor DUFOUR, Jacques, Julien, Jean Assignee SHELL INTERNATIONALE RESEARCH MAATSCHAPPIJ B.V. [NL/NL]; Carel van Bylandtlaan 30, NL-2596 HR The Hague (NL) Patent number WO1994010688 A1 Abstract
A process for producing energy comprising: filling a body with at least one hydrogen isotope, at least a part of the body comprising at least one metal capable of forming a metal hydride type lattice system, arranging the body filled as at least part of the one conductor element of a capacitor means within an electrical circuit, the other conductor element of said capacitor means being connected with an externally controllable voltage supply means, operating said voltage supply means, and recovering energy produced within said body by operating said voltage supply means, in wich process an ozoniser is used as capacitor means. The invention further relates to an energy source system for carrying out the process. The energy source system suitably includes a working machine as a part of an integrated power cycle.
Energy which is released from hydrogen atom – by stimulating its electrons to relax to quantised lower energy levels than the ground state
Enforcement region WO Patent Published 1994-03-01 Inventor MILLS R L Assignee BLACKLIGHT POWER INC (BLAC-N); HYDROCATALYSIS POWER CORP (HYDR-N) Patent number WO 1994029873 A2 Abstract
Methods and apparatus for releasing energy from hydrogen atoms (molecules) by stimulating their electrons to relax to quantized lower energy levels and smaller radii (smaller semimajor and semiminor axes) than the ‘ground state’ by providing energy sinks or means to remove energy resonant with the hydrogen energy released to stimulate these transitions. An energy sink, energy hole, is provided by the transfer of at least one electron between participating species including atoms, ions, molecules, and ionic and molecular compounds. The energy hole can comprise the transfer of electrons from one or more donating species to one or more accepting species whereby the sum of the ionization energies and/or electron affinities of the electron donating species minus the sum of the ionization energies and/or electron affinities of the electron accepting species equals approximately m x 27.21 eV (m x 48.6) for atomic (molecular) hydrogen below ‘ground state’ transitions where m and t are integers. The invention comprises methods and structures to conform the energies of the source, hydrogen, and the sink, energy hole, to enhance the transition rate. The energy reactor includes one of an electrolytic cell (100), a pressurized hydrogen gas cell (200), and a hydrogen gas discharge cell (300).
Energy generation – by anharmonic stimulated fusion of hydrogen isotopes absorbed on metallic core
Enforcement region WO Patent Published 1994-01-27 Inventor PIANTELLI F Assignee FOCARDI S (FOCA-I); HABEL R (HABE-I); PIANTELLI F (PIAN-I); UNIV DEGLI DI SIENA (UYSI-N); UNIV STUDI SIENA (UYSI-N); UNIV SIENA, IT (UYSI-N); UNIV SIENA TECH ; RES, IT (UYSI-N); UNIV STUDI DI SIENA, IT (UYSI-N) Patent number WO 1995020816 A1 Abstract
A process of energy generation and an energy generator by means of anharmonic stimulate fusion of hydrogen isotopes absorbed on metal comprising a charging step on a metallic core (1) of a quantity of hydrogen isotopes H and D; a heating step in which said core (1) is heated (9) to reach a temperature higher than Debye’s temperature of the material composing the core; a startup step wherein a vibrational stress is produced with a rise time less than 0.1 seconds which activates a nuclear fusion of said hydrogen isotopes; a stationary step during which it is exchanged (3,5) the heat produced by the H+D nuclear fusion reaction which occurs in the core (1) because of a steady keeping of a coherent multimodal system of stationary oscillations.
Neutron prodn. at relatively low temp – using a heterostructure based on solid electrolytes.
Enforcement region WO Patent Published 1993-12-03 Inventor SAMGIN A L; BARABOSHKIN A N; ANDREYEV V S; MURIGIN I V; GORELOV V P; VAKARIN S V; TSVETKOV S A; SAMGIN A; BARABOSHKIN A; ANDREYEV V; MURIGIN I; GORELOV V; VAKARIN S; TSVETKOV S Assignee ENECO INC (ENEC-N) Patent number WO 1995015563 A1 Abstract
Apparatus and methods for producing neutrons at relatively low temperatures from a heterostructure based upon solid electrolytes. The methods involve selecting a solid hydrogen ion conducting electrolyte material which under predetermined conditions exhibits a phenomenon of nonlinear transport and distribution of diffused hydrogen isotopes. Generally, one of the conditions involves raising the material in the form of a solid electrolyte mass (190) to a predetermined temperature where nuclear reactions take place under predictable situations. The methods and apparatus also involve applying a voltage across the solid electrolyte mass (190) by means of an anode (180) and a cathode (170) disposed across opposite faces (290, 292) of the solid electrolyte mass (190) to construct a reactor element (150). At least the anode (180) and facing (290, 396) of mass (190) associated with anode (180) are made to be permeable to flow of isotopic hydrogen. The reactor element (150) is disposed in a vacuum chamber (110) which is serviced by a vacuum pump (222) and source of hydrogen isotope (256). A thermo-heater (140) is used to control operating temperature of mass (190) and a power suppy (160) is connected across anode (180) and cathode (170) to provide desired voltage and current.
Method and appts. for alkali-hydrogen fusion power generation – eliminates need for heavy waters and expensive metals and process is simple, reliable and cost-effective
Enforcement region WO Patent Published 1993-09-02 Inventor BUSH R T
EAGLETON R D
Assignee BUSH R T (BUSH-I); EAGLETON R D (EAGL-I); ENECO INC (ENEC-N) Patent number WO 1993017437 A1 Abstract
An electrolyte (40) consisting of an aqueous solution of a soluble compound of thallium or any of the alkali type elements (hydrogen, deuterium, tritium, lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, francium), in contact with an annular porous cathode (100) of a sinter-bonded mixture of nickel powder and nickel fibers for catalysis of nuclear fusion ractions between hydrogen nuclei from ordinary water and nuclei of the alkali type elements in the soluble compound whereby thermal power generation by the Fleischmann-Pons cold fusion process is improved. In a preferred embodiment the electrolyte consists of a solution of sodium carbonate in ordinary water and the cold fusion $i(TRINT) process converts the sodium into magnesium by reducing the total number of hydrogen atoms in the water and producing a corresponding quantity of molecular oxygen.
Electrolysis system for altering the storage capacity of a metal cathode for H isotopes – has current driven in the electrolyte between the anode and cathode causing the mainly palladium@ cathode to be loaded with boron@ and deuterium.
Enforcement region WO Patent Published 1992-12-23 Inventor CROUCH-BAKER S; MCKUBRE M C H; SMEDLEY S I; TANZELLA F I Assignee ELECTRIC POWER RES INST INC (ELPO-C) Patent number WO 1994015342 A1 Abstract
An electrolysis system (1) for altering the storage capacity of a metal cathode for hydrogen isotopes has a direct current source (11) coupled between an anode (9) and a cathode (7), with both electrodes (9, 7) at least partially immersed in an electrolyte (5). The current source (11) drives electric current through the electrolyte (5) from the anode (9) to the cathode (7). The electrolyte (5) is typically a solution of lithium deuteroxide and boric acid in heavy water. The metal cathode (7) is typically comprised primarily of palladium. The current flow through the cell (12, 67) causes the palladium to become loaded with boron and deuterium, which substantially increases the efficiency of excess heat production and lowers the current threshold for excess heat generation. In an alternative version, the surface of the cathode (7) is fabricated from an alloy of boron in palladium.
Forming films on cathode surfaces to facilitate cold fusion – by holding palladium cathode at negative potential in electrolyte contg. lithium and deuterium ions and loading cathode with deuterium
Enforcement region WO Patent Published 1992-12-10 Inventor MCKUBRE M C; ROCHA-FILHO R C; SMEDLEY S I; TANZELLA F L; CROUCH-BAKER S; SANTUCCI J; MCKUBRE M C H Assignee ELECTRIC POWER RES INST INC (ELPO-C) Patent number WO 1994014163 A1 Abstract
A method for forming a film (10) on the surface of a cathode (7) to facilitate the loading of a hydrogen isotope into the cathode (7). The cathode (7) and an anode (9) are immersed in an electrolyte (5) containing a hydrogen isotope and conducting ions, and the electrodes are connected to a current source (11). The conducting ions may be formed by inclusion of LiOH or LiOD or LiOT in the electrolyte (5). The addition of other elemental species or compounds to the electrolyte (5) further promotes the film (10) formation and enhances the loading of the hydrogen isotope into the cathode (7).
Nuclear fusion process – by contacting electrically conductive material contg. absorbed fusible cpd. with positive voltage source to exert electrostatic pressure to cause fusion
Enforcement region BE patent Published 1992-02-18 Inventor VAN DEN BOGAERT J (VDBO-I) Assignee VAN DEN BOGAERT J (VDBO-I) Patent number BE 1003296 A Abstract
A method for nuclear fusion of fusible matter, in which the stated matte ris absorbed in an electrically conducting substance and/or is encapsulated in a skin of electrically conducting matter. After which, the conducting substance is linked to the positive electrode of a power source, this results in the electrons discharging from the conductive matter and the creation of a positive remaining balance in the stated matter, which in turn creates a pressure on the positive fusible cores of the fusible matter. This pressure is sufficiently high to induce nuclear fusion. For example an aerosol of metal particles is used in which deuterium gas has been absorbed,whereby the stated particles obtain a positive charge on a positive electrode, e.g. a chain net 5, from the high tension device as shown incross section figure 1A
Energy release from hydrogen atoms – by stimulating electrons to relay to quantised potential energy level below ground state, by electrochemical reactant(s)
Enforcement region WO Patent Published 1991-11-20 Inventor MILLS R L Assignee BLACKLIGHT POWER INC (BLAC-N); HYDROCATALYSIS POWER CORP (HYDR-N); MILLS R L (MILL-I) Patent number WO 1992010838 A1 Abstract
Methods and structures to release heat energy from hydrogen atoms by stimulating their electrons to relax to a quantized potential energy level below that of the ground state via an electrochemical reactant(s) of redox energy resonant with the energy hole which stimulates this transition. Methods and structures to conform the electronic energy of the hydrogen atoms and the redox energy of the electrochemical reactant(s) to enhance the hydrogen electronic transition rate where the source of hydrogen atoms is aqueous electrolytic production on the surface of a cathode.
Appts. for electrochemical heat prodn. – comprises anode (partially) immersed in electrolyte of deuterium and conducting ions, cathode comprising platinum coated with film that enhances loading of deuterium etc.
Enforcement region WO Patent Published 1991-06-27 Inventor MCKUBRE M C H; CROUCH-BAKER S; TANZELLA F L; SMEDLEY S I; SANTUCCI J; ROCHA-FILHO R C Assignee ELECTRIC POWER RES INST INC (ELPO-C) Patent number WO 1993000683 A1 Abstract
An electrolysis system (1) for generating excess heat has a direct current source (11) coupled between an anode (9) and a cathode (7). The electrolyte (5) is typically a solution of lithium deuteroxide in heavy water. The cathode (7) has a surface layer (8) that is comprised primarily of palladium. The current flow through the cell (12, 67) causes the palladium to become loaded with deuterium. The surface layer (8) is at least partially coated with a film (10) that enhances the loading of deuterium into the layer (8). The film (10) is comprised of hydrated metal oxide-based compounds, where the metal may be aluminum, silicon, boron, barium, calcium, copper, iron, lithium, magnesium, nickel, scandium, titanium, vanadium, yttrium, or zirconium. The film (10) is formed from material in the electrolyte (5) by the current flow. In an alternative embodiment of the invention, the film (10) is pre-formed on the surface of the cathode (7) before immersion into the electrolyte (5).
Appts. for electrochemical prodn. of heat – comprises electrolyte of deuterium and conducting ions, anode, cathode having palladium@ alloy surface, and current generator
Enforcement region WO Patent Published 1991-06-27 Inventor CROUCH-BAKER S; MCKUBRE M C H; SMEDLEY S I; TANZELLA F L Assignee ELECTRIC POWER RES INST INC (ELPO-C) Patent number WO 1993000684 A1 Abstract
An electrolysis system (1) for generating excess heat has a direct current source (11) coupled between an anode (9) and a cathode (7), with both electrodes (9, 7) immersed in an electrolyte (5). The current source (11) drives electric current through the electrolyte (5) from the anode (9) to the cathode (7). The electrolyte (5) is typically a solution of lithium deuteroxide and boric acid in heavy water. The cathode (7) is comprised primarily of palladium. The current flow through the cell (12, 67) causes the palladium to become loaded with boron and deuterium, which substantially increases the efficiency of excess heat production and lowers the current threshold for excess heat generation. In an alternative version, the surface of the cathode (7) is fabricated from an alloy of boron and palladium.
Electrolytic palladium@ cathode cleaning for cold fusion – by applying positive voltage for oxygen@ evolution and reforming at negative voltage, for heat prodn. from deuterium loaded cathode
Enforcement region WO Patent Published 1991-06-11 Inventor MCKUBRE M C H; SMEDLEY S I; TANZELLA F L Assignee ELECTRIC POWER RES INST INC (ELPO-C) Patent number WO 1992022906 A1 Abstract
Methods for cleaning cathodes (7) immersed in electrolytes, especially electrolytes containing ambient deuterium from D?2?O. The cathode is first driven with a positive voltage and current is drawn until oxygen evolution begins to dominate deuterium oxidation. Then a negative voltage is impressed on the cathode and several mA/cm?2? of current density are drawn for at least a day to reform the surface of the cathode (7). For palladium cathodes (7), the purity of the surface (8) is further improved by heating it in a vacuum furnace, cooling it in a deuterium atmosphere, etching the cooled surface in aqua regia, and rinsing it in D?2?O.
Forming film on palladium@ cathode for use in cold fusion – by applying current to the cathode in a deuterium oxide electrolyte contg. elemental species
Enforcement region WO Patent Published 1991-06-11 Inventor MCKUBRE M C H; ROCHA-FILHO R C; SMEDLEY S I; TANZELLA F L; CROUCH-BAKER S; SANTUCCI J Assignee ELECTRIC POWER RES INST INC (ELPO-C) Patent number WO 1992022907 A1 Abstract
A method for forming a film (10) on the surface of a cathode (7) to facilitate the loading of deuterium into the cathode (7). The cathode (7) and an anode (9) are immersed in an electrolyte (5) containing deuterium and conducting ions, and the electrodes are connected to a current source (11). The conducting ions may be formed by inclusion of LiOD in the electrolyte (5). The addition of other elemental species or compounds to the electrolyte (5) further promotes the film (10) formation and enhances the loading of deuterium into the cathode (7).
Deuterated palladium@ interactive heat prodn. appts. – comprises electrolyte contg. deuterium anode, palladium@ cathode and current source transporting conductive ions, for reproducible energy prodn.
Enforcement region WO Patent Published 1991-06-11 Inventor MCKUBRE M C H; SMEDLEY S I; TANZELLA F L; ROCHA-FILHO R C Assignee ELECTRIC POWER RES INST INC (ELPO-C) Patent number WO 1992022908 A1 Abstract
Apparatus for producing heat from the interaction of deuterium in a metal (e.g., Pd) (8) having a crystal lattice with roughly polyhedral interior spaces. Deuterium is loaded into the metal (8) and an electrical current is passed through the metal (8) to stimulate the heat-producing interaction. The loading of deuterium can be enhanced by increasing the concentration of deuterium at the metal surface (8) through the use of a metal container (53) for holding electrolyte (5, 47) in the presence of pressurized deuterium gas, or through use of a thin film cathode (52) sandwiched between two gas permeable membrane anodes (51). Loading can also be facilitated by the formation of a film (10) on the surface of the metal (8) through the use of additive species in the electrolyte (5, 47) such a Al, Si, and B.
Prodn. of heat by cold fusion process – by applying energy to deuterium loaded into a palladium@ host material
Enforcement region WO Patent Published 1991-06-11 Inventor MCKUBRE M C H; ROCHA-FILHO R C; SMEDLEY S I; TANZELLA F L; CROUCH-BAKER S; PASSELL T O; SANTUCCI J Assignee ELECTRIC POWER RES INST INC (ELPO-C) Patent number WO 1992022905 A1 Abstract
Methods for producing heat from the interaction of deuterium in a metal (e.g., Pd) (8) having a crystal lattice with roughly polyhedral spaces. Deuterium is loaded into the metal (8) and an electrical current is provided in the metal to supply energy to the loaded deuterium and allow the interaction to occur. The atomic ratio of deuterium to metal should be at least 0.8.
Process for storing hydrogen, and apparatus for cold nuclear fusion and method for generating heat energy, using the process.
Enforcement region EP Patent Published 1991-02-27 Inventor HASEGAWA, MITSUTOSHI; HOSONO, NAGAO Assignee CANON KK [JP] + (CANON KABUSHIKI KAISHA) Patent number EP 0414399 A2 Abstract
A process for storing hydrogen comprises placing a hydrogen storing member (4) in a hydrogen gas atmosphere and generating a discharge in the hydrogen gas atmosphere (2), the reby occluding the hydrogen in the hydrogen storing member.
Device making it possible to confine light atom nuclei in a solid phase
Enforcement region FR Patent Published 1990-05-22 Inventor FABRICE DAVID Assignee DAVID FABRICE Patent number FR 2662537 (A1) Abstract
The device consists of a junction diode, formed by the close contact between a palladium electrode (2) and a p-type silicon plate (5). This diode constitutes the negative electrode of an electrolysis cell filled with heavy water (4), the positive electrode consisting of a platinum plate (1). During operation, the deuterium nuclei penetrate into the palladium layer, migrate into the crystal lattice as far as the junction (3), and accumulate there and are compressed there under the effect of the enormous electric field which prevails in the junction region, which increases their probability of interaction, this relating in particular to nuclear fusion reactions.
Appts. for cold nuclear fusion reactions – combines fusible material, means for its excitation, means for energy extraction and reaction monitoring
Enforcement region WO Patent Published 1990-04-06 Inventor HAGELSTEIN P L Assignee MASSACHUSETTS INST TECHNOLOGY (MASI-C) Patent number WO 1990013129 A Abstract
Fusion apparatuses for coupling fusible material to a quantized mode to result in coherent fusion are provided. Method for optimization of reactor operation, control of the coherent fusion reaction and extraction of usable energy generated are provided.
Prodn. of energy by nuclear fusion – by absorbing negatively charged nuclear fusible material esp. deuterium, into the crystal lattice of hydrogen absorbing material, etc.
Enforcement region BE patent Published 1989-06-05 Inventor VAN DEN BOGAERT J (VBOG-I) Assignee VAN DEN BOGAERT J (VBOG-I) Patent number BE 1002781 A Abstract
Method for the production of energy by means of nuclear fusion whereby the nuclear fusible matter is absorbed in a crystal grid of hydrogen absorbing matter with a negative polarity. Specific features being that the said fusible matter is absorbed in gas form e.g. deuterium, in a hydrogenabsorbing matter, preferably Pd or Ti metal, which is in the form of individual particles (2) that are either negatively electro-statically charged or become this through the action of a cathode (4) and after absorption of the said matter the electric polarity of the said particles switches from negative to positive through the action of an anode (6) asshown
Nuclear fusion process – by adsorption and/or absorption of fusible material, esp. deuterium, in ionised gas form onto hydrogen-absorbing metal or alloy
Enforcement region BE patent Published 1989-04-21 Inventor VAN DEN BOGAERT J (VBOG-I) Assignee VAN DEN BOGAERT J (VBOG-I) Patent number BE 1002780 A Abstract
Method for nuclear fusion of fusible matter, in which the stated matter in gaseous form is adsorbed to and/or absorbed in a hydrogen absorbing metal or metal alloy, whereby this function as an electrode (7) at negative potential without being in contact with an electrolyte, and whereby the stated gas prior to its adsorption and/or absorption to the stated electrode (7) of reactor space (5) is ionized in an ionization chamber (1) by an alternating current discharge forming a plasma between electrodes (3) and (4)
Fusion power generation – by charging lattice structures with isotopic hydrogen atoms.
Enforcement region WO Patent Published 1989-03-13 Inventor FLEISCHMAN M; FLEISCHMANN M; PONS S; SIMONS J P; WALLING C; WALLING C T Assignee UNIV UTAH (UTAH-C); UNIV UTAH RES FOUND (UTAH-C) Patent number WO 1990010935 A Abstract
The present invention involves an appararus and method for generating energy, neutrons, tritium or heat as a specific form of energy. The apparatus comprises a material such as a metal having a lattice structure capable of accumulating isotopic hydrogen atoms and means for accumulating isotopic hydrogen atoms in the metal to a chemical potential sufficient to induce the generation of the specified items. The sufficient chemical potential is, for example, enough to induce generation of an amount of heat greater than a joule-heat equivalent used in accumulating the isotopic hydrogen atoms in the lattice structure to the desired chemical potential
